Impulses
The purpose of the myelin sheath is to ___________ impulse transmission.
Speed up
Three main parts of a neuron.
Dendrite, Cell body, Axon
The two parts of the CNS
Brain & Spinal cord
The axons and dendrites of adjacent neurons don't actually touch, they are separated by the __________________.
Synapse, synaptic cleft, synaptic gap
This NT has the effects of pleasure, euphoria, reward-centers, addiction, positive reinforcement, movement, and posture. Most addictive drugs work by flooding synapses with this NT.
Dopamine
(Doooooooooopamine)
White matter is white because neurons in white matter are ________________.
Myelinated
These neurons carry impulses towards the brain.
Sensory (afferent)
The brain is the control center of the body and is mainly composed of _____________.
Interneurons
The end of an axon where it branches apart is called the _______________
Axon terminal
This NT has the effects of learning stimulation and memory formation. Some drugs can interfere with it,, causing short-term memories not to be formed.
Glutamate
The gaps in the myelin sheath where impulses (action potentials) "jump" to are called ________________.
Nodes of Ranvier (not just nodes)
These neurons carry impulses from the brain to muscles or organs.
Motor (efferent)
Cavities in the brain where cerebro-spinal fluid is produced and circulates.
Ventricles
Chemicals called neurotransmitters are stored in _______________ in the axon terminals, waiting to travel to the next neuron when stimulated.
Vesicles
This NT impacts alertness and is often released during/after physical activity (runner's high).
Endorphins
Neurons pump __________ out of the cell and ___________ into the cell to create a resting membrane potential.
Sodium, Potassium
Type of neuron that processes information.
Interneuron
The spinal cord communicates messages to and from the brain, but it is also involved in simple information processing such as _____________.
Reflexes
Neurotransmitters each have a specific __________ to bind to on an adjacent dendrite.
Receptor
This NT influences sleep, mood, appetite, pain, and body temperature. Low levels are linked to depression, suicide, impulsive behavior, and aggression.
Seratonin
The idea that a neuron is at rest until a stimulus exceeds the threshold potential and then fires is known as the _____________________.
All-or-None Principle
The myelin sheath of an axon is made of what type of cells?
Schwann Cells
The brain is protected by the meninges. List the meninges from superficial to deep.
Dura, Arachnoid, Pia mater
Neurotransmitters that halt an action potential are called ______________, while ones that pass it along are called ______________.
Inhibitory, excitatory
This NT has the effects of relaxation, calming, anti-anxiety, and sleep. Depressant drugs like heroin, marijuana, and alcohol intensify its effects.
GABA