Nervous System I
The primary cell that builds all the structures of the nervous system
Name all structures of the entire nervous sytem
Brain, Spinal cord, and Nerves
what is the central nervous system made of?
brain and spinal cord
What does the Somatic divison of the nervous system conrol?
Voluntary movement of the body
what is the peripheral system made of?
nerves that branch off from the spinal cord.
what does PNS stand for?
peripheral nervous system
what does CNS stand for?
Central Nervous System
The division of your peripheral nervous system that is made up of the nerves that control involuntary body responses and functions.
Autonomic nervous sysytem
How does your sense of hearing convert sound waves into signals your brain can understand?
Sound waves enter the ear and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations travel through tiny bones to the cochlea, where hair cells convert them into electrical signals. The auditory nerve then carries these signals to the brain, which interprets them as sound.
What is the sensory division of the PNS responsible for?
Sending impulses from the senses to the CNS
Two subdivisions of the Autonomic Nervous System--and the function of each
Sympathetic "Fight of Flight" Parasympathetic Division- "rest and digest"
Name three Functional parts of a neuron
1- cell body (soma) 2- dendrites 3- axon 4- myelin 5- axon terminals
What structure functions like a highway and transmits nerve impulses from the body to the brain and from the brain to the body?
The spinal cord
What are the 3 sections of the brain?
The cerebellum, cerebrum and the brain stem
cerebrum is responsible for ?
The cerebrum controls voluntary movements and processes , information from your senses.
Why do you think different senses use different types of receptor cells?
Each sense detects a unique type of stimulus—light, sound, pressure, chemicals—so they need specialized receptor cells. For example, rods and cones detect light in the eyes, while taste buds respond to chemicals in food. This specialization allows the brain to receive accurate information from each sense.
What cell sends messages between two neurons?
Neurotransmitters
What are the 2 types of neurons?
Motor & sensory neurons
What purpose is the purpose of the dendrites on an nerve cell?
is to receive and transmit incoming nerve impulses to the cell body
or gather information from the neighboring cells to the cell body
What might happen if the axon terminal couldn’t release neurotransmitters properly?
the signal can’t pass to the next neuron or muscle. This could lead to problems like muscle weakness, slowed reflexes, or even loss of sensation, depending on which neurons are affected.
An action potential travels along this structure until it reaches the axon terminal
the Axon
How might damage to sensory receptors in the eye or ear affect a person’s ability to interact with their environment?
If the eyes or ear’s receptors are damaged, a person might not see or hear clearly. This can make it harder to move around safely, talk to others, or notice things happening nearby.
what's the difference between receptor , stimulus , effector & impulses
Stimulus is Change in environment
Receptor Detects the stimulus
Impulse Electrical message in nerves
Effector Responds to the stimulus
Why is it important for neurons to send signals quickly throughout the body?
the body can react instantly to changes in the environment. Fast communication helps protect us from danger, coordinate movement, and maintain balance in body functions like breathing and heartbeat.
How do sensory neurons and motor neurons work together when you touch something hot?
Sensory neurons detect the heat and send a signal to the spinal cord. The spinal cord processes the information and sends a message through motor neurons to your muscles, telling them to pull your hand away—often before your brain even registers the pain.