Nervous System - Organs and Cells
What are the three main parts of the nervous system?
Nerves, spinal cord and brain.
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
Central and peripheral nervous system.
What is the main purpose of the nervous system?
To transmit signals throughout the body to maintain homeostasis.
True or false: the pineal gland is also known as the ‘master gland’.
False: the pituitary gland is also known as the ‘master gland’.
What is the name of the chemicals that are released by glands?
Hormones
What is the main purpose of the endocrine system?
To produce hormones throughout the body in order to maintain homeostasis.
Where are the two types of photoreceptors in our eyes called?
Rods and Cones
What is one function of the nervous system?
To sense the environment, communicate and control information to determine a response, respond to a stimulus.
True or false: signals in the nervous system can travel as fast as 431 kph
True: these signals occur in the spinal cord
Which organ is responsible for maintaining blood glucose?
Pancreas
Why would glucagon be released into the blood?
Because the blood glucose has fallen below normal.
What are any 3 bodily functions that the endocrine system controls?
Growth and development, mood, metabolism, reproduction, sleep, blood pressure, blood glucose, digestion.
Fun fact: does the brain grow or shrink as we get older?
It shrinks. Adults lose around 2.5 grams of the brain’s weight every year.
Can the nervous system repair itself?
It depends; the nervous system has limited regeneration or repair potential.
What is the purpose of chemoreceptors?
To sense chemicals.
Name any three glands.
Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, gonad.
What happens if a certain gland does not produce enough of a hormone?
It leads to hormone imbalance which can lead to many diseases such as diabetes.
True or false: not all hormones come from the endocrine system.
True: Other organs that are not part of the endocrine system also produce hormones
True or false: Interneurons carry information between sensory neurons and motor neurons.
True
What is the function of the dendrites?
Receiving messages
Fun fact: from where to where does the longest nerve in the body reside?
The sciatic nerve, which runs from the spine to the toe.
Of these glands, which are located in the brain?Adrenal, Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal
Hypothalamus & Pituitary
Does the adrenaline hormone have a general or specific effect?
It has a general effect on the whole body.
What does the endocrine system do if you are stressed?
It will secrete high levels of certain hormones to make your body more energised.
Identify four lobes of the brain.
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal.
What does a neurotransmitter do?
It signals to/affects another cell across a synapse. The cell receiving the signal could be another neuron OR a gland/muscle cell.
What structure in a cell membrane is responsible for re-establishing resting potential after an action potential has occurred?
Sodium-potassium pump
Which part of the adrenal gland is stimulated by the endocrine system?
the adrenal cortex
What is the function of ACTH?
What is responsible for causing cretinism?
A lack of thyroxine as a child