Nervous System - Organs and Cells
What are the three main parts of the nervous system?
Nerves, spinal cord and brain.
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central and peripheral nervous system.
What is the main purpose of the nervous system?
To transmit signals throughout the body to maintain homeostasis.
True or false: the pineal gland is also known as the ‘master gland’.
False: the pituitary gland is also known as the ‘master gland’.
What is the name of the chemicals that are released by glands?
Hormones
What is the main purpose of the endocrine system?
To produce hormones throughout the body in order to maintain homeostasis.
Where are photoreceptors (photo- = light) located?
They are located in the eyes.
What is one function of the nervous system?
To sense the environment, communicate and control information to determine a response, respond to a stimulus.
True or false: Signals in the nervous system can travel as fast as 431 km/h.
True: these signals are sent by the alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord
Which organ is responsible for maintaining blood glucose?
Pancreas
What is the standard duration of response for hormones in the body?
Usually a long effect.
What are any 3 bodily functions that the endocrine system controls?
- Growth and development
- Mood
- Metabolism
- Reproduction
- Sleep
- Blood pressure
- Blood glucose
- Digestion.
Does the brain grow or shrink as we get older?
It shrinks. Adults lose around 2.5 grams of the brain’s weight every year.
Can the nervous system repair itself?
No, the nervous system has limited regeneration or repair potential.
What is the duration of response in the nervous system?
Short
Name any three glands found in the head.
Pineal, pituitary, thyroid or parathyroid.
What happens if a certain gland does not produce enough of a hormone?
It leads to hormone imbalance which can lead to many diseases such as diabetes.
True or false: The endocrine system is not involved with homeostasis.
False: The endocrine system is involved in maintaining homeostasis.
To what neuron does the sensory neuron transmit a message?
Interneuron/coordinator
What is the function of the dendrites of the nerve cell?
Receiving messages
What is the longest nerve in the body?
The sciatic nerve, which runs from the spine to the toe.
Of these glands, which are not located in the brain?
Adrenal, Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal
Adrenal
What effect does adrenaline have on the body?
Increase in heart rate and breathing rates.
What does the endocrine system do if you are stressed?
It will secrete high levels of certain hormones to make your body more energised.
What is the name given to 'an involuntary and sudden response to stimuli.'?
Reflex action
Complete the sentence.
A motor neuron transmits impulses from...
A motor neuron transmits impulses from...
Spinal Cord to muscle.
Why is drinking NOT a reflex action?
It involves conscious control and learned behavior rather than an automatic response to a stimulus.
Which endocrine gland releases glucagon?
Pancreas
What is the purpose of insulin in maintaining homeostasis?
Lowers blood sugar levels.
What is the primary function of human growth hormone (HGH) in the body?
(A) Regulating metabolism of fats and carbohydrates
(B) Stimulating growth and cell reproduction
(C) Controlling blood sugar levels
(D) Promoting water retention in kidneys
B) Stimulating growth and cell reproduction.