Nervous system
What are the functions of the nervous system?
Collect information, processes and evaluate information, initiate response to information
What are nerves and what are the wrappings?
A bundle of parallel axons in the PNS
Epineurium (encloses entire nerve), perineurium (wraps fascicle), endoneurium (wraps an individual axon)
Anterograde vs retrograde
From cell body vs to cell body
What are star shaped cells that are a type of glial cells?
Astrocytes
Myelination
Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves and ganglia)
What are the functional classifications of nerves?
Sensory (contain sensory neurons sending signal to CNS), motor (contain motor neurons sending signals from CNS), and mixed (contain both sensory and motor neurons)
structural classifications of neurons:
Multipolar neurons, bipolar neurons, unipolar, anaxonic
What cells line brain and spinal cord?
Ependymal cells
What disorder is where oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths in the CNS deteriorate?
Multiple sclerosis
Sensory nervous system vs motor nervous system
Sensory= afferent, receives sensory information from receptors and transmits it to CNS
Motor= efferent, initiates motor output and transmits it from CNS to effectors
What is a ganglion?
Cluster of neuron cell bodies in PNS
What is a synapse?
Place where a neuron connects to another neuron or an effector
Small cells that wander CNS and replicate in infection
Microglia
Regeneration of a damaged peripheral nerve fiber can occur if
Its soma is intact and at least some neurilemma remains
Sensory nervous system is broken down into which two sensory systems?
Somatic (detects stimuli we consciously perceive)
Visceral (detects stimuli we typically do not perceive)
What are the neuron characteristics?
Excitability, conductivity, secretion, extreme longevity, amitotic
What is the electrical synapse?
Presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons bound together by gas junctions
Large cells with slender extensions
Oligodendrocytes
Is CNS axon regeneration freely open or limited?
Limited
What two motor systems are under the motor nervous system?
Somatic (sends voluntary signals to skeletal muscles)
Autonomic (sends involuntary commands to heart, smooth muscle, and glands
What are the parts of a neuron?
Cell body, dendrites, axon, cytoskeleton
Glial cells are what?
Nonexcitable, support cells found in CNS and PNS. Smaller, but far outnumber neurons
Glial cells of the PNS:
Satellite and neurolemmocytes
What is the disease where there is abnormal accumulation of lipid in the myelin sheath?
Tay-Sachs disease