Networking Fundamentals
What is the purpose of the OSI model?
To standardize network communication
What does VLAN stand for?
Virtual Local Area Network
What is SNMP used for?
Network monitoring and management
What does IDS stand for?
Intrusion Detection System
What is the purpose of the "ping" command?
To test network connectivity
What layer of the OSI model does IP operate at?
Layer 3 (Network Layer)
What is the difference between a switch and a hub?
A switch intelligently forwards traffic, while a hub broadcasts it
What does QoS stand for?
Quality of Service, which prioritizes network traffic
What is the purpose of a VPN?
Securely connects remote users to a private network
What does the "tracert" command do?
Displays the path packets take to a destination
What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv6 has a larger address space and improved security
What is the purpose of subnetting?
To divide a network into smaller, manageable segments
What is the primary purpose of a network baseline?
To establish normal network performance metrics
What is a DDoS attack?
A Distributed Denial of Service attack that overwhelms a target with traffic
What is a loopback address used for?
To test network interfaces and TCP/IP stacks
What is the function of a MAC address?
Unique identifier assigned to network interfaces
What is the default gateway in a network?
The device that routes traffic from a local network to external networks
What does a SIEM solution do?
Aggregates and analyzes security and event logs
What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption?
Symmetric uses one key, asymmetric uses a key pair
What is a cable tester used for?
To verify proper wiring of network cables
What protocol is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses?
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
What is a trunk port used for?
To carry multiple VLANs across network devices
What is a common use case for out-of-band management?
Remote access to network devices for troubleshooting
What is the role of a firewall in network security?
To filter and control incoming/outgoing network traffic
What is the primary purpose of packet sniffing?
To analyze network traffic for troubleshooting and security
What does CIDR stand for?
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
What is the primary function of a router?
To route traffic between networks
What is meant by "high availability" in networking?
Ensuring minimal downtime and maximum uptime
What is multi-factor authentication (MFA)?
A security method requiring multiple forms of verification
What does "latency" mean in networking?
The time it takes for data to travel from source to destination
What is the default subnet mask for a Class C IPv4 address?
255.255.255.0
What is an SSID?
Service Set Identifier, the name of a Wi-Fi network
What does MTTR stand for in network operations?
Mean Time to Repair
What is the purpose of a honeypot in network security?
To attract and analyze potential cyber threats
What is the difference between a physical and logical network diagram?
Physical shows hardware, logical shows data flow
What is an RFC1918 address used for?
Private IP addressing
What is the purpose of NAT?
Network monitoring and management
What is a network topology?
The physical or logical layout of a network
What is social engineering in cybersecurity?
Manipulating individuals to gain unauthorized access
What is a "broadcast storm" in networking?
Excessive broadcast traffic that degrades network performance
What does APIPA stand for and when is it used?
Automatic Private IP Addressing, used when DHCP fails
What is the purpose of a DMZ in network security?
To isolate public-facing services from the internal network
What is the purpose of a patch panel?
To organize and connect network cables efficiently
What does a zero-trust security model mean?
No entity is automatically trusted inside or outside the network
What is the function of a TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer)?
To locate faults in copper cabling
What is the purpose of a loopback address?
To test network interfaces and TCP/IP stacks
What is the primary difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP is connection-oriented, UDP is connectionless
What is meant by "convergence" in networking?
The integration of voice, data, and video into a single network
What is the function of a RADIUS server?
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service for authentication and authorization
What is the first step in network troubleshooting?
Identify and define the problem