The Model
Levels of
Prevention
Lines of Defense & Resistance
CPM: Model
100

Give an example of what the "core" might be comprised of

Individual/family most basic needs

100

Into what three prevention categories does Neuman's model group nursing interventions to manage stressors?

Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

100

Which line represents the client's usual level of wellness and standard state of adaptation to surrounding stressors?

The normal line of defense.

100

What four components make up the community core?

Demographics, history, values, and beliefs

200

The Neuman System's model addresses the interaction between the core and _________

Stressors (internal and external)

200

What level of prevention focuses on health promotion programs and risk factor identification to extend the flexible line of defense?

Primary

200

How does the position of the flexible line of defense relative to the normal line affect protection?

Further away --> Greater protection

Closer --> Less protection

200

Give an example of a Normal Line of Defense resource at a community level

Access to Health services (primary care, emergency, urgent care, pharmacy), Community immunization status/heard immunity etc, stable employment

300

Name the three lines of protection

Lines of Resistance, Normal Line of Defense, Flexible Line of Defense

300

What is the goal of tertiary prevention?

Maintain current wellness status and prevent recurrence

300

On which line of defense does primary intervention hope to act upon?

The flexible line of defense

300

Give an example of a Flexible Line of Defense at a community level

free vaccination pop-ups during spikes in transmission, preemptive mobilization before severe weather, Opening code blue shelters for extreme cold

400
On which line of defense does a stressor initially act upon?

Flexible

400

What term describes the client system's recovery from stressors to regain equilibrium and wellness?

Reconstitution

400

Which internal defense mechanisms are triggered when an environmental stressor penetrates the normal line of defense?

The lines of resistance

400

What eight community subsystems are evaluated alongside the core during a windshield survey and assessment?

Physical environment, education, safety and transportation, politics and government, health and social services, communication, economics, and recreation.

500

Name the 5 variables the model addresses

Physiological, Psychological, Spiritual, Sociocultural, Developmental

500

A nurse caring for a family where the "sandwich" generation is caring for both their children and an aging parent living in their home. The nurse connects them with social services that can help provide part time home health nursing care for their aging family member. What level of prevention would this be?

Secondary

500

What three key factors determine the overall effect of an environmental stressor on a client system?

The number of stressors, stressor intensity, and current system stability

500

What level of prevention (at a community level) would a communication and mobilization effort after an FDA recall be?

Secondary, (but could be primary)

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