Drugs
What is an agonist?
A substance that binds to a receptor and produces the same effects as said receptors neurotransmitter.
What is the "fast" kind of receptor?
Ionotropic
It allows us to not be overwhelmed by irrelevant stimuli that we have already processed and no longer need to continue processing, like not feeling a shirt after putting it on.
How many different kinds of cones do humans have?
3
What are the three major parts of a neuron?
Soma (cell body), dendrites, axon
What does ED50 mean when talking about drugs?
ED50 is the dosage required for half of the maximal effect.
What does GPCR stand for?
G protein couple receptor
The conversion of a stimulus to electrical signal is known as what?
Transduction
What causes the blind spot in the eye?
The optic nerve
What neurotransmitter do off-center and on-center neurons release?
Glutamate
What does MAOI stand for and what does it do?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, prevents monoamines from being broken down in the cleft.
What kind of receptors utilize acetylcholine?
Metabotropic and ionotropic
Describe labelled lines.
Neurons connected to sensory receptors have their own networks
What photoreceptor deals with color and the photopic system and what photoreceptor deals with the scotopic system?
Cones and rods respectively
What type of ion channel is always open in neurons?
Potassium
Name one of the three ways that a drug can alter the activity of the presynaptic neuron.
1. effects on transmitter production
2. effects on transmitter release
3. effects on transmitter clearance.
What kind of neurotransmitters diffuse into the target cell and affect the production of second messengers, instead of interacting with receptors?
What does the homunculus represent?
It represents the relative sensitivities to stimuli by displaying more sensitive areas as larger.
What happens to the membrane potential of rods when exposed to light?
It is hyperpolarized, same thing for cones.
What controls the shape of the lens?
Ciliary muscles
As a response to frequent usage of a drug, the body can get better at eliminating a drug from the bloodstream before it reaches its target. This is an example of what?
Metabolic tolerance
What type of ions pass through ionotropic GABA receptors?
Cl-
To be able to accommodate a wide range of intensities of stimuli, neurons can utilize different thresholds, this is known as what?
Range fractionation
On-center cells and off-center cells are what type of neuron?
Bipolar
What does V2 of the extrastriate cortex deal with perceptually in vision?
Textures, contours, edge ownership