Neural Messages & Related Parts
These are found only at the Nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons.
What are Sodium (Na+) ion channels?
Substances that can easily diffuse through the membrane.
What are lipid-soluble substances?
This area of the brain is responsible for the perception, regulation, and management of pain messages.
What is the Periaqueductal Gray Matter?
Substances will diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is the "Concentration Gradient"?
Some substances can diffuse (pass/spread) into/out
of the cell through the membrane, without an energy source required. This is known as _________.
What is “passive transport.”
These directly bring about the release of neurotransmitters from the terminal button into the synaptic cleft.
What are Action Potentials?
Substances that must be ionized and then go into and out of the cell through protein channels.
What are water-soluble substances?
If an impulse is below the Resting Membrane Potential, the cell is said to be this.
What is hyperpolarized?
An atom loses one electron, causing it to be a positively charged ion, known as a _____________.
What is a Cation?
The Sodium-Potassium Pump regulates the flow of Sodium and Potassium in and out of the cell, using this type of transport.
What active transport?
The resting membrane potential has a "standard" charge inside of the cell of ________.
What is -70 mV (millivolts)?
This "escorts" 3 Sodium (Na+) ions out of the cell and brings in 2 Potassium (K+) ions into the cell to help help maintain the resting potential.
What is the Sodium-Potassium Pump?
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows around the brain and the spinal cord via this.
What is the subarachnoid space?
The difference in voltage across the membrane of a neuron at rest.
What is the Resting Potential?
The concept of opposites attracting relates to ions flowing to areas of opposite charge. This is known as ________.
What is the "electrical gradient" or "voltage gradient"?
These provide myelin in the Central Nervous System.
What are Oligodendroglia (Oligodendrocytes)?
This controls muscles for speech production (found in the Frontal Lobe).
What is Broca's Area?
For the neuron to fire, the Resting Potential must be "disturbed," decreasing the negative charge inside of the cell (making it more positive). This is known as _______.
What is Depolarization?
In order for the neuron to fire, we must reduce the negative charge inside of the cell, making it more positive. This is known as _________.
What is Depolarization?
A negatively-charged ion is known as this.
What is an Anion?
These provide myelin in the Peripheral Nervous System.
What are Schwann Cells?
This controls language comprehension and understanding (found in the Temporal Lobe).
What is Wernicke's Area?
When the Cell Membrane is at rest, it is said to be ________.
What is polarized?
The nerve impulse must reach the __________ of -55mV in order for it to fire.
What is the "Threshold Potential"?
Large ___________ are negatively charged and too large to fit through the membrane, helping to keep the inside of the cell negative when at rest.
What are protein anions?