Anatomy
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate?(Apex answer)
L1
What dermatome level is required for TURP, total hip arthroplasty, or vaginal delivery?
T10
What epidural needle's tip is angled 30 degrees?
Tuohy
Failure to identify what artery during an SAP block could lead to vascular injury/LAST?
Thoracoacromial
What level does correlate to Tuffier's lines in adults
L4
What are the two cutting tip needles for spinal anesthesia?
Quincke & Pitkin
15 mcg
Which procedure(s) would a PECS 2 block be indicated for?
Mastectomy, sentinel node biopsy, tumor resection
(Any procedure requiring analgesia of pec muscle and axilla region)
What are the two areas of the spine that exhibit kyphosis?
Thoracic & Sacral
What is the most reliable determinant of spread with a hypobaric or isobaric LA solution?
Dose
What is the most factor is most determinant over epidural drug spread?
Volume
Which spinal nerves innervate the skin covering the chest wall, intercostal muscles, and parietal pleura?
T7-T11
Name the layers from the skin to the subarachnoid space
Skin -> Supraspinous ligament -> Interspinous ligament -> Ligamentum Flavum -> Epidural space -> Dura -> Subdural space -> Arachnoid -> Subarachnoid space
How many levels lower is the motor blockade than the SNS blockade with spinals?
4-8
What is the definitive treatment for post dural puncture headache
Epidural blood patch
Between what two muscles should the TAP block be placed?
Internal oblique and Transverse abdominis
Identify the cranial, anterior, lateral, and posterior borders of the epidural space
Cranial- Foramen Magnum
Anterior- Posterior longitudinal ligament
Lateral- Pedicles
Posterior- Ligamentum Flavum
Pinprick and pain cannot be sensed when assessing a spinal block's efficacy but light touch and pressure can be felt. What nerves are effectively blocked by the spinal?
A-delta
How long should aspirin be held prior to placing an epidural catheter?
If coagulation status is normal with no other blood thinners, aspirin does not have to be held or add any additional risks to epidural catheter placement.
What is the landmark found superior to the iliac crest used for placing a TAP block by landmark technique?
Inferior lumbar triangle (triangle of Petit)