Eye Anatomy
The lens is suspended by these two structures.
What are the zonule fibers and ciliary muscles?
This term is defined as the inability to recognizes faces.
What is prosopagnosia?
Off bipolar cells have these types of glutamate receptors.
What are ionotropic receptors?
Explain the dark current of photoreceptors and its resting Vm.
What is: the Na+ leakage channels that cause a constant sodium influx, causing a Vm of -30 mV.
The greatest bending of light occurs when light hits which structure of the eye?
What is the cornea?
The region of the retina that is responsible for high acuity vision is called ___. It has the highest density of ___ (type of photoreceptor).
What are the fovea and cones?
Ripping out this area (somehow) would interfere with how the brain processes motion
What is Area V5(MT)?
What is hyperpolarzed?
You left your Brown ID in your dorm and now you can't get into the Ratty unless you name the steps in order (starting with optic nerve & including projections) of the retinofugal pathway. What are they?
What is: optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, LGN, optic radiation, V1/cortex?
This structure is mainly responsible for accommodation
What is the lens?
Peter the tiny horse is swimming around in your vitreous humor with a tiny dagger. Silly Peter keeps poking around with said dagger at the retina. What layer of cells gets stabbed first with each poke?
What are the Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs)?
Hyperopia means you have (too much/too little) refraction, and you need a (concave/convex) lens to fix it.
What is too little refraction and a convex lens?
A surround photoreceptor can do lateral inhibition on a center photoreceptor by releasing this neurotransmitter onto what cell.
What is glutamate & horizontal cell?
What layer within the LGN would receive input from the ipsilateral eye carrying information about an object’s motion?
What is Layer 2?
Calcium (activates/inhibits) __ guanylyl cyclase which synthesizes this molecule __.
What is inhibits and cGMP (cyclic GMP)?
Information from this part of the retina decussates at the optic chiasm.
What is nasal?
Dr. Stein shrinks his pet hedgehog and sends it into your brain with a pair of scissors. The hedgehog cuts your left optic tract. What field of vision is unaffected by this change?
What is the left hemifield?
What cells in the visual system fire action potentials? Which cells don't?
What are ganglion cells? What are photoreceptors and bipolar cells?
This area of V1 has cells that mainly receive magno input and send efferents to dorsal/parietal visual areas.
What is layer 4B
A near object requires (more/less) __ bending of light, which means you need a (fat/thin) lens, (tight/loose) zonule fibers, and (tight/loose) ciliary muscles.
What is: more, fat, loose, tight?