1
- Biochemical constraints
- Limits of stability
- Anticipatory postural adjustments
- postural responses
- sensory orientations
- stability in gait
Balance components
Name the category:
Down syndrome; CP; developmental coordination disorder; spina bifida; seizure disorder; muscular dystrophy; ADHD
Developmental/genetic disorder
CVA; intracranial hematoma
Vascular disease
1. Quadruped
2. Kneeling
3. High/tall kneeling
Name the category:
Peripheral neuropathy; Charcot marie tooth disease
Neuropathy
Name the category:
Intracranial tumors, especially cerebellar/brainstem with vestibular involvement ; neurofibromatosis; spinal cord tumors
Tumors
What are the (3) balance strategies?
1. Ankle
2. Hip
3. Stepping
T/F: Need postural stability for distal mobility
True
Name the category:
Parkinson disease (stage III-V); Alzheimer disease; MS; Friedreich ataxia; syringomyelia; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Degenerative disease
EX: While patient is standing on balance board, you have the, list the names of all the cars they can think of.
Dual task
- Progressive trunk control
- Functional weight shifting and reaching
- Functional weight shifting and reaching - unstable surface
- Perturbations: internal, external
- equipment
Dynamic sitting
List the functional treatment categories (4) from easiest to hardest
- Static sitting
- Dynamic sitting
- Static standing
- Dynamic standing
Name the phase of static standing:
- Semi tandem on firm surface, eyes open/closed, arms crossed
- Compliant surface, eyes closed intermittently, feet 1-2 inches apart
Phase 2 ***
Name the category:
TBI; traumatic SCI; traumatic peripheral nerve injury
Trauma
Need postural stability for __________
Distal mobility
Name the phase of static standing:
- Semi-tandem on firm eyes closed (continuous)
- Semi-tandem on compliant surface eyes open/closed
Phase 3 ***
- Pre gait
- sit to stands
- Symmetrical --> asymmetrical
- Change the surface
- bending/reaching
- Perturbations: internal, external
- stair climbing
- obstacle course
- Goal to ambulate **
- equipment
Dynamic standing
Name the category:
Viral encephalitis; meningitis; neonatal TORCH infections; lead toxicity (encephalopathy); transverse myelitis; acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (GBS); chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Infectious/toxic/inflammatory disease
Name the phase of static standing:
- Firm surface, eyes open/closed, feet together, arms close to body while moving head
- compliant surface (foam) with eyes closed and feet 1-2 inches apart
Phase 1 ***
- Surface: uneven, compliant, moveable
- Single limb balance
- Dual task - cognitive
- Unexpected, mild perturbations with goal to maintain static standing
- Add UE activities with goal to maintain static posture
- Add resistance
- Perturbations: internal, external
- equipment
Static standing considerations
T/F: The ANPT wants to bridge the gap between skilled PT and lifelong activity
True