Addiction
What are the two major effects of opiod use?
Analgesia (reduced pain)
Euphoria (pleasure)
Which thalamic nuclei has a reciprocal connection by both receiving and sending information to different parts of the brain?
Tru or False: The Hypothalamus plays a role in autonomic function and endocrine function and can influence metabolism regulation as well as stress response and body growth
True
(Pituitary gland)
What is the correct order/path, information regarding memory and mood follow within the brain?
Hippocampus-> Fronix->maxillary bodies-> thalamus->Cingulate Gyrus
How does your autonomic nervous system cause you to feel butterflies in your stomach?
It increases blood flow
What happens during opiod withdrawal?
Neurons in brainstem produce extra noradrenaline to counteract inhibitory effect of drug; too much results in a stress response
What type of thalamic nuclei is responsible for visual processing and goes to V1?
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
How does the Pituitary gland receive messages from the hypothalamus
via bloodstream
What 4 things activate the cingulate gyrus?
2. Unexpected outcomes
3. Right before voluntary movement
4. Seeing your crush and blushing
When talking about pain perception, what structure of the brain is responsible for creating new memories of pain or anticipating the feeling of pain based on past memories
Prefrontal cortex
What structure of the brain is responsible for cravings "in the moment"
Prefrontal cortex (and mesolimbic reward system)
Which association nuclei go to and from the limbic system?
Dorsomedial and anterior
Which hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for the secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei
Which structure of the limbic system is interconnected with the amygdala and plays an important role in remembering previous memories
Hippocampus
What does Grehlin do?
Increase appetite
What happens when you become dependent on a drug?
Threshold changes
Opiod receptors gradually become less responsive to drug so it starts to "normalize" intensity of drug over time and therefore need more of the drug to activate mesolimbic reward system to release dopamine to get initial "high" feeling
Which sensory or motor information does the thalamus NOT process
Olfactory
The Lateral hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for sensing and signaling what?
What structure of the limbic system plays an important role drug addiction and connecting stimuli to a specific environment?
Nucleus Accumbens
Which descending tract is responsible for voluntary fine motor control? What part of the brain?
Corticospinal tract in motor cortex
How does opiod substitution therapy work?
Agonist binds to opiod receptors that the initial drug binded to without the high (prevents withdrawal symptoms)
Antagonist blocks opiod receptors instead of activating them
Which nonspecific nuclei goes from reticular formation to the basal ganglia and is responsible for arousal and motor function?
Intralaminar
Which hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for cooling you down on a hot day?
Anterior hypothalamus
Which type of thalamic nuclei is responsible for contributing to emotion by processing sensory stimuli?
Relay nuclei
What fibers travel through the spinomesencephalic tract and what does this tract control?
C fibers
Directs eye and head to noxious stimuli