Acute Intracranial Problems
A patient with a head trauma is frequently blowing clear drainage. You ask them to stop and assess the drainage. Why?
Potential for CSF leak.
Blindness that occurs in the same half of the visual fields of both eyes
Homonymous Hemianopsia
3 types of headaches
Tension type, migraine, cluster
At what level of injury is the phrenic nerve impaired?
C1-C4
Gold standard for measuring ICP
Ventriculostomy
Monroe Kellie Doctrine
All 3 components work together to maintain ICP
Dysarthria Vs. Aphasia
Dysarthria affects the mechanics of speech
Aphasia is receptive/expressive/global
Psychogenic Nonepileptic seizure
Imitate seizures but are triggered by emotional events not neuronal activity
Characterized by significant hypotension (<90), bradycardia, warm, dry skin.
Neurogenic shock
Resolves itself usually within 72 hours. There is a change in neurologic function but NO brain damage
Concussion
A patient has a B/P of 140/60 (84)mm HG and an intracranial pressure of 16 mm HG. What is the CPP?
68
Most common used antiplatelet used agent for preventative measures
Aspirin
Characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, loss of connections between neurons, neuron death
Alzheimer's Disease
This type of spinal cord injury results in the loss of movement, pain and temperature. Still able to feel position, vibration and touch
Anterior Cord syndrome
Leading cause of death in a patient with a SCI
Pulmonary embolism
Vasogenic cerebral edema increases intracranial pressure by....
Increased ICP is more common with what type of stroke?
Hemorrhagic
People diagnosed with this disease are cognitively intact all through disease process
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
What medication is used to treat/help with gastric emptying?
Reglan
This drug is commonly used to keep a spinal cord injury patient's MAP greater than ?
Dopamine/90
What are the 6 influences for intracranial problems
1. Arterial 2. Venous 3. Intraabdominal/intrathoracic 4. Posture 5. Temperature 6. Blood gases (especially CO2)
The 2 types of Ischemic stroke AND the 2 types of Hemorrhagic stroke
Ischemic: Thrombotic & Embolic
Hemorrhagic: Intracerebral & Subarachnoid
With this disease process you want to time medication so that it is at its peak during meal time
Myasthenia gravis
FIVE manifestations of Autonomic Dysreflexia & at what level of injury
HPTN (up to 300 mm Hg systolic), throbbing H/A, diaphoresis ABOVE the level of injury, bradycardia, piloerection, blurred vision/spots, anxiety, nausea, pallor BELOW
How long seizure free does a patient have to be before they can drive?
6 months