ICP
What are the components of Cushing’s Triad?
↑ BP, ↓ HR, irregular respirations
What is the definitive treatment for hydrocephalus?
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt
Name two classic signs of meningitis in older children.
Nuchal rigidity, photophobia, headache, high fever
What is the pre-op position for an infant with myelomeningocele?
prone
Which seizure type involves a brief loss of awareness and staring?
absence
Name two signs of increased ICP in infants.
Irritability, high-pitched cry, bulging fontanels, increased head circumference, separated sutures
What are 2 main complications of VP shunts?
Infection & obstruction
What physical signs indicate meningeal irritation?
Brudzinski’s sign, Kernig’s sign
What fluid should be used to keep the lesion dressing moist?
sterile normal saline
What seizure type causes sudden loss of muscle tone?
atonic
What position and environmental modification help manage ICP?
Minimize stimulation, position for comfort, possibly elevate head (per provider order)
Post-op, what side should a child be positioned on after VP shunt placement?
Opposite side of the shunt
How long should droplet precautions be maintained after starting antibiotics?
24 hours
What vitamin deficiency increases spina bifida risk?
folic acid
During a seizure, what position should the patient be placed in?
lying on side
Name two medications used to reduce ICP.
Osmotic diuretics (e.g., mannitol), corticosteroids, antiepileptics
What activity should children with VP shunts avoid?
contact sports
Name two vaccines that prevent certain types of meningitis.
Pneumococcal, Hib
Name one common allergy in children with spina bifida.
latex allergy
What is the first-line medication for status epilepticus?
Midazolam or rectal diazepam
What diagnostic sign is described as a "cracked-pot" sound on percussion?
Macewen sign
What is the most common cause of non-communicating hydrocephalus?
Aqueductal stenosis
Name one key nursing priority besides antibiotics for bacterial meningitis.
I&Os, maintenance fluids, monitor LOC
What malformation involves downward displacement of brain tissue through the foramen magnum?
Chiari II malformation
what diet can help with seizures?
ketogenic