TBI Basics
TBI stands for this type of injury — caused by external physical force or displacement within the skull.
Traumatic Brain Injury
This type of attention is the basic ability to focus, even momentarily.
Focused attention
This type of discourse doesn't match the question asked and includes pronouns that assume the listener already knows the context.
confused discourse
This is the most severe form of aphasia, affecting naming, reading, writing, and comprehension.
Global aphasia
Alexia is an acquired reading disorder — different from this developmental reading disorder.
Dyslexia
A patient has loss of consciousness for 20 minutes and a GCS of 14. What severity of TBI is this?
Remembering to pick up groceries on the way home is an example of this type of prospective memory.
proper prospective memory
A patient produces very short utterances, gives few responses per question, and uses non-specific vocabulary like 'stuff like that' and 'normal stuff.' This is what type of discourse?
Impoverished discourse
Nonfluent, effortful speech with agrammatism and better auditory comprehension than output is characteristic of this aphasia type.
Broca's aphasia
Reading 'butterfly' as 'flutterfly' is an example of this peripheral alexia subtype.
Attentional alexia
This type of TBI primary injury involves an open wound to the head causing focal damage.
Penetrating Injury
'Remembering to remember' is the definition of this memory type.
Prospective memory
This discourse type involves excessive detail, fails to bring a topic to a close, and produces too many utterances per question.
Inefficient (or verbose) discourse
Fluent speech with major comprehension impairments, neologisms, jargon, and no awareness of deficits characterizes this aphasia.
Wernicke's aphasia
This central alexia subtype involves impairments in the lexical route, with more difficulty reading irregularly spelled words like 'yacht'.
surface alexia
Cerebral edema, raised intracranial pressure, and biochemical changes are all examples of this type of TBI injury that evolves over time.
Secondary Injury
In TBI, memory for past events before the injury is called this, while inability to form new memories is called this.
These two levels of discourse impairment are distinguished: one involving cohesion and coherence, the other involving meaning of words and phrases.
Macro-linguistic deficits (cohesion/ coherence) and micro-linguistic deficits (word/ phrase meaning)
This milder aphasia type features fluent output with good comprehension but persistent word-finding difficulty and use of circumlocutions.
Anomic aphasia
Agrammatism produces this type of speech — named by Arnold Pick in the 1910s — where content words are retained but function words are dropped.
Telegraphic speech
This scale (acronym) is used to classify TBI severity — with scores ranging from 3–15 based on eye, verbal, and motor responses.
GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)
Key components of executive functions include these five processes (hint: planning, monitoring, and three others).
Planning, monitoring, activating, switching, inhibiting
Besides TBI and RHD, CCDs may also describe characteristics seen in these three conditions.
Left hemisphere stroke, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia
This rare aphasia is marked by relatively fluent output but severely impaired repetition — caused by a lesion between Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
Conduction aphasia
Paragrammatism is most associated with this type of aphasia, while agrammatism is most associated with this type.
Fluent wernickes aphasia, non-fluent broca's aphasia.