Ouch
The following symptoms are present in the activation of ___: pupil constriction, salivation stimulation, bronchiole constriction, bladder contraction
Parasympathetic NS, Rest & Digest
___, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
___, activation results in "fight or flight" & ___ activation results in "rest & digest"
Sympathetic NS, Parasympathetic NS
___, most often used when seizures cannot be controlled with pharmacotherapy or if the pt has unacceptable AEs to medication, can lead to hyperlipidemia & hepatotoxicity and requires a strict balance.
Ketogenic diet
The following symptoms are present in the activation of ___ : bronchi & pupil dilation, increased HR & BP, & increased glucose production.
Sympathetic NS, Fight or Flight
Name the class: the most widely prescribed class of autonomic drugs, they can be specific or nonspecific to the alpha &/or beta blockade
Adrenergic Antagonists (AKA Sympatholytics)
Name the nervous system: ___, a part of the ___, is responsible for voluntary control over skeletal muscle.
Somatic NS, Peripheral NS
Name the drug class: can be agonists or antagonists, these drugs influence the synthesis, storage, release, reuptake or destruction of NorEpi at nerve synapses
Sympathomimetics
Autonomic, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic
___, characterized as a seizures lasting <30 min or two+ continuous seizures w/o full recovery of consciousness
Status Epilepticus
Name the drug: indicated for use in a variety of conditions from anaphylaxis to cardiac arrest, this emergency medication stimulates all five adrenergic receptors (alpha1- 2, beta 1-3)
Epinephrine
Name the drug class: ___ inhibit the SNS & produce many of the same "rest & digest" symptoms as cholinergic drugs
Adrenergic Antagonists (AKA Sympatholytics)
This neurotransmitter influences the actions of the Parasympathetic NS & is released by cholinergic nerves
Acetylcholine
Name the drug & class: This medication suppresses the influx of Ca ions, is indicated for use in the treatment of absence seizures, but can result in psychosis, bone marrow suppression & gingival hypertrophy
Ethosuximide (Zarontin), Antiseizure drug, Succinimide
___, the primary neurotransmitter of the Sympathetic NS, binds to adrenergic receptors (alpha 1-2, beta 1-3) on target organs
Norepinephrine
Name the drug & class: used to reverse toxic & life threatening delirium caused by Atropine, this medication if given IV should be administered slowly to avoid seizures & respiratory distress, should NEVER be ran on a continuous infusion & is contraindicated for use in pts w/ asthma
Physostigmine, Indirect- acting parasympathomimetic, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Name the drug & class: this drug is used for the treatment of urinary retention but should be used with EXTREME caution in pts w/ disorders that can be aggravated by contraction (e.g., COPD, bowl obstruction)
Bethanechol (Duvoid), Direct acting parasympathomimetic, muscarinic cholinergic receptor drug
Name the drug & class: effective against all seizure types except absence seizures, this medication is a Schedule 4 drug and can result in laryngospasm & severe respiratory depression
Phenobarbital, Antiseizure drug, sedative, barbiturate, GABAA receptor agonist
____: overdose sx of hypersalivation, small pupils, muscle twitching, sweating, muscle weakness, difficulty breathing
Cholinergic crisis
Name the drug & class: primarily used to treat HTN (but also used to treat insomnia), this medication can result in unconsciousness 30 min post admin and should be used with caution in older pts & those w/ renal impairment.
Prazosin (Minipress), Antihypertensive; selective alpha 1 adrenergic- antagonist
Name the drug & class: This medication suppresses the influx of Na ions, is indicated for use in the treatment of focal & tonic- clonic seizures & SE, but can results in severe adverse effects including life- threatening dysrhythmias, severe CNS reactions & severe skin reactions (SJS).
Phenytoin (Dilantin), •Antiseizure drug; antidysrhythmic, Hydantoin, Na influx suppressant
Name the drug & class: this medication is primarily used in the treatment of status epilepticus but can also be used to treat GAD & panic disorders. Tolerance can develop after 4 weeks of use w/ PO admin. Its adverse effects c an be reversed w/ Flumazenil.
Diazepam (Valium), Antiseizure drug, GABA “A” receptor agonist
Name the drug & class: this medication is used for the treatment of bradycardia but can cause urinary retention, & increased HR & should not be used in pts w/ glaucoma
Atropine (Atropen), Anticholinergic, Muscarinic receptor blocker
Name the drug & class: this medication is used in the treatment of focal, tonic-clonic, & myoclonic seizures but is also approved for use in the prevention of migraines & mania associated w/ bipolar disorder. It can cause mouth sores & fatal hepatotoxicity
Valproic Acid (Depakote), Antiepileptic Drug, GABA (antagonist/ inhibitor?)
Name the drug & class: ___, can be used as a nasal decongestant or for the reversal of hypotension secondary to vascular shock, but can cause reflex tachycardia and should not be used in pts w/ pancreatitis or narrow angle glaucoma
Phenylephrine (Vazculep), Selective alpha- adrenergic agonist, sympathomimetic, mydriatic drug