Sadly Degenerative
Degeneration of the substantia nigra – a nucleus of the basal ganglia, BG
What is the pathogenesis of PD?
◦Open Head Injury (skull & meninges penetrated)
◦Closed Head Injury (no skull fx.)
What types of TBI injuries happen when external physical forces causes alterations of brain?
Active wrist extension for a C6 SCI can produce this for grip
What is Tenodesis?
A non progressive brain lesion occurring in utero or during birth within 2 year of age
What is Cerebral Palsy?
Acute vertigo lasting > 20-30 minutes
Tinnitus, aural fullness affected ear, hearing loss
Episodes can recur throughout lifetime
Tx.: diuretics
What is Meniere's syndrome?
voluntary motor control, routine behaviors/procedures, cognitive & emotional
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
Mild form of TBI
What is a Concussion?
Triceps for elbow extension
What muscle activation does the C7 SCI that the C6 SCI does not?
recurrent seizures
What is epilepsy?
◦Brief episodes (20-30 sec.), N&V, nystagmus, Sensation that room is spinning, May have blurred vision, sweating, fainting
◦Wake up dizzy after rolling over in bed, Symptoms always occurring with head movt. – pt. will often avoid this, especially diagonal patterns
What are symptoms of BPPV Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo?
pill rolling, freezing, cogwheel or lead-pipe rigidity, shuffling gait, kyphosis to name a few
State of unresponsiveness; requires vigorous stimulation to bring about arousal
What is a stupor?
Autonomic Dysreflexia
What is a condition that occurs at C 6 and above where the person not have sympathetic inhibitory input to compensate for triggers to the sympathetic NS?
CN VII unilateral paralysis disorder
What is Bells Palsy?
Ventral & dorsal root dysfunction with ANS involved
What is the pathology of a LMN Lower Motor Neuron D/O?
Inflammation & demyelination of CNS
What occurs in MS?
Wakeful; eye opening & tracking
No cerebral cortical function, brainstem intact
What is a persistent vegetative state?
Rapid ascending (LE to UE trunk and face) symmetric motor weakness and distal sensory impairment and parathesias, flaccid paralysis absent DTR, immune mediated with proximal to distal recovery
What is Guillian Barre Syndrome?
Coup -contrecoup
What is when the primary head injury results from forward flexion of the head and neck and then rebounding to hit the posterior aspect of the head?
Piriformis muscle radiculopathy compresses this nerve
What is the sciatic nerve?
These are the 4 subtypes of MS
What is Relapsing-Remitting MS, Secondary Progressive MS, Primary Progressive MS, Progressive-Relapsing MS?
Classified as:
Concussion (blow, shaking)
Contusion (tissue intact, loss of central matter)
Laceration: glia disrupted, cord may be torn
What is classified as a SCI?
Fluctuating weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles greater than is normal aging
Autoimmune disorder that attacks neuromuscular junction & motor endplate with Remissions and Exacerbations
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
This 1968 sci-fi film directed by Stanley Kubrick is known for its groundbreaking visuals and thematic complexity.
What is “2001: A Space Odyssey”?
Compression of the median nerve
What is CTS?