Prefrontal Syndromes
If damage occurs to the Dorsolateral portion of the prefrontal cortex, what syndrome could occur?
What is Dysexecutive Syndrome
What are the 2 divisions of the CNS
What are the Brain and Spinal Chord
What are the 2 divisions of the PNS
What are the Autonomic and Somatic systems
What are Broddman's Areas
a way to label the brain using numbers that are usually functionally organized
What landmark on the medial surface of the brain is a major part of the limbic system involved in emotions and memory
Cingulate Gyrus
If damage occurs to the Orbitofrontal portion of the prefrontal cortex, what syndrome could occur?
What is Pseudopsychopathic syndrome
What are the 3 protections of the CNS
Meninges
Bony encasing (bone)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What are the two divisions of the autonomic system
What are the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems
Explain what Humunculus is
Humunculus represents the organization of neurons in the cortex by each body part. The larger the body part is, the more neurons in the cortex that correspond to that area.
What landmark on the medial surface of the brain is a massive white matter tract connecting the right and left hemispheres
Corpus Callosum
If damage occurs to the medial portion of the prefrontal cortex, what syndrome could occur?
What is abulic/ apathetic syndrome
What are the two kinds of tissues that make up the CNS
Gray and white matter
What is the system responsible for "return to rest" state
What is the parasympathetic system
What are the 3 divisions of the frontal lobe and what they control
anterior: Higher level cognition (executive functioning)
superior/ posterior frontal: Motor systems (motor strip)
inferior frontal: Left = basic expressive language (broca's)
Right = expressive emotional prosody
What landmark on the medial surface of the brain acts as a sensory relay station and is highly interconnected with the brainstem, cerebellum, and the cortex
Thalamus
If damage occurs to the Inferior Frontal Gyrus of the prefrontal cortex, what syndrome could occur?
What is Broca's Aphasia
Explain 1 kind of protection of the nervous system
Meninges- triple layer of tissues surrounding the entire brain and spinal cord
CSF- produced within the ventricles inside the brain and within meninges surrounding the CNS, protects the brain from impact
Bone (if you picked bone you better study)
What system is responsible for the "fight flight or freeze" response and explain how this occurs
What is the sympathetic system, within the autonomic system of the PNS
Diverts blood flow from unnecessary regions to the muscles and CNS to heighten perception/ speed up response time/ muscle movement
What are the 3 divisions of the parietal lobe and explain their functions
Anterior: primary sensory strip (sensation)
Superior parietal: attention, body schema, visual "where" pathway processing
Inferior: Left hemisphere- Language processing (Wernicke's) reading and writing
Right: emotional prosody comprehension
What landmark on the medial surface of the brain is a tissue separating the right and left lateral ventricles
Septum pellucidum
List the 4 types of Prefrontal Syndromes
Pseudopsychopathic syndrome
Abulic/ apathetic syndrome
Broca's Aphasia (non-fluent aphasia)
Explain the 2 types of tissues that make up the CNS
Gray matter: made up of cell bodies that process information that appears dark in dissection (brain = Superficial surface, Spinal cord = deep to white matter)
White Matter: made up of axons covered in a myelinated sheath that carries signals to other neurons/ structures (Brain = deep to gray matter/ Spinal cord = superficial surface)
Define the PNS and list all functional sub systems
12 cranial and 31 spinal nerves extending out from the brainstem and spinal cord innervating the muscles, organs, tissues of the body. Consists of the somatic, autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic systems
What are the 4 divisions of the temporal love and explain their function
Superior: Language Processing (Wernickes)
Anterior Left Hem: semantic processing
Posterior: Left- language comprehension
right- emotional prosody comp
Inferior: memory, visual "what" pathways, olfactory processing
What landmark on the medial surface of the brain drives the autonomic nervous system and is part of the limbic system involved with regulating body systems
Hypothalamus