Cerebellum
The 3 lobes of the cerebellum
Anterior, Posterior, Flocculonodular
Motor innervation of skeletal muscle of neck, trunk, and extremities
Corticospinal tract
Supplies 80% of arterial blood supply to the brain
Internal carotids
Adult-onset of a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. Has an unknown etiology but presents as bulbar or spinal onset.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
CN mediating sensory for face, motor for chewing.
CN V Trigeminal
Projects to red nucleus for muscle tone, posture, and background movement
Rubrospinal tract
Ipsalateral damage indicates a lesion where?
Lower motor neuron/after synapse
“Backup system” for vascular supply
Circle of Willis
A progressive, neurodegenerative, demyelinating autoimmune disease in which the axon is damaged, impairing the ability of neurons to communicate with other neurons and muscles. Unknown pathology but is linked to genetic and environmental factors.
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Brainstem structure regulating respiration, phonation, heartbeat, blood pressure, and reflexes.
Medulla
Efferent nucleus of cerebellum that evaluates motor plan and alters it to reflect current state of the body’s joints and muscles
Dentate Nucleus
Extrapyramidal tract mediating posture and head stabilization; Reflexive response to movement of the head in space.
Vestibulospinal tract
Branch of internal carotid supplying the retina, other orbital structures, nearby contents.
Opthalmic Artery
Spinal cord damage resulting in no function below level of injury.
Complete SCI
Regions on lateral surface of hemispheres that are at terminal parts of the 3 major cerebral arteries
Watershed zones
Lesion of this lobe results in loss of equilibrium, sway or stagger when walking, wide-based gait, falls, poor smooth pursuit, poor accuracy of eye movements, nystagmus, impaired vestibulo-ocular reflex
Flocculonodular lobe
Ganglia in the interior spinal cord related to sensation.
Dorsal root ganglion
Result of damage to the ACA and MCA.
“Man-in-a-barrel” syndrome
Muscular dystrophy of the eyes, throat, chest, upper arms/thighs.
Oculopharyngeal MD
Increased sensitivity to painful stimulus
Hyperalgesia
This tract mediates upper limb stretch sensors (muscle spindle)
Pathway mediating kinesthetic sense (movement), touch, muscles spindle, GTO; Proprioception and discriminative touch from lower half of body
Fasciculus Gracilis
The blood-brain barrier which isolates and protects CNS neurons from many blood substances is freely permeable to these two substances.
Gases (CO2, O2) and lipid-soluble molecules (EtOH, etc).
Most common type of cerebral aneurysm.
Saccular aneurysm
Modality (i.e. SSA, SVA, etc.) of the Hypoglossal nerve (XII).
General somatic efferent (GSE)