Neurology
Neurons are found in two types of nervous systems
What are the peripheral and central nervous systems
The two classes of cells in the nervous system are
What are neuron and glial cells
The most important type of neural signal generated by the neuron
What are action potentials
Above; toward the head, Below; toward the feet, In front of; toward the face, and Behind; toward the back
What are superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior?
Nerons function alone.
What is neurons never function alone
Neurology is
What is a branch of medicine that relates to disorders of the human nervous system?
Neuronal structures necessary for signaling propagation are
What are Soma/Cell body, Axon, Dendrites, and Presynaptic Terminal
Neurotransmitters are
What are chemical messengers that transmit messages from the presynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic membrane at the synapse (synaptic cleft)
Two general arrangements of gray matter in the CNS
What are Cortex and Nuclei?
Packs around the synapse for protection
What are astrocytes?
Neuroscience is
What is how and why humans and animal species think and act the way they do, with the study of the nervous system at its focal point.
Gilal Cells perform...
What is performing structural and metabolic support
Action potentials are
What are rapid changes in the neuron's resting membrane potential
Known as the chief input and output site for sensory and motor signals between the body (below the neck) and the nervous system
What is the spinal cord?
Bundles of axons in the CNS
What are tracts
Changing behavior
What is changes the human nervous system
A neuron's information flow is
What is Dendrite/soma, Axon, Dendrite/soma
The three steps of action potentials are
What are
Step 1: A loaded neuron (polarization)
Step 2a: Chemical firing of the neuron (Chemical Transmission)
Step 2b: Electrical firing of the neuron (Depolarization-More positively charged)
Step 3: Reloading or Recharging of the neuron (Repolarization-Back to Negative Voltage)
How the CNS is
What is Neurulation?
the beginning layers of the embryo
What are
Endoderm: Gut, liver, and lungs
Mesoderm: Skeleton, muscles, kidneys, blood, and heart
Ectoderm: Skin and nervous system
Neurology helps SLP's
What is arguing intelligently, understanding scientific literature, and understanding brain behavior relationships?
Three fundamental activities for each neuron are
What are
1. Receive an input
2. Integrate the output
3. Form an output
The 7 neurotransmitters
What are:
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
GABA
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Serotonine
The 3 anatomical planes
What are horizontal, sagittal, and coronal planes?
The PNS’s two main systems and their functions
What are
Somatic System: Voluntary control of body movements via the use of skeletal muscles
Autonomic System: Involuntary responses that regulate digestion and psychological functions