Brodmanns Areas
This Brodmanns area is associated with Broca's area and is important for speech output.
Brodmanns area 44 & 45
This forms the bulk of the brain and has specialized neurological function (motor or sensory).
Gray matter
Injury to the primitive streak would result in:
cells unable to migrate through the streak and give rise to other structures
Which pathway of the basal ganglia excites movement?
Direct pathway
Which cranial nerve is responsible for balance and hearing?
CN VIII Vestibulo-acoustic (sensory)
This brodmanns area is located on the precentral gyrus and is known as the primary motor cortex.
Brodmanns area 4
A collection of neurons in the PNS
ganglion
Optic vessels, Cerebral hemispheres, Olfactory lobe, and the Cerebral cortex are all structures of which secondary brain vesicle?
Telencephalon
What cells in the cerebellum are the source of all efferent fibers?
Purkinje
Sensation of the oral, pharynx, soft palate, posterior 1/3 of tongue, carotid sinus, and secretion from parotid (salivary gland).
A patient has reported problems with hearing. What brodmanns area could be affected?
Brodmanns area 41 & 42 (Heschl's gryus)
Ability of the brain to reorganize and modify functions and adapt to internal and external changes
Brain plasticity
What structures does the diencephalon give rise to?
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
What does the motor cortex talk to in order to inhibit the globus pallidus external?
Striatum
Which Cranial nerves have both motor and sensory projections?
V Trigeminal
VII Facial
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
Brodmanns area 22 is also known as Wernicke's area. Where is it located?
Posterior temporal gyrus (and planum temporale)
A gap between successive segments of the myelin sheath where the axon membrane is exposed.
Node of ranvier
These two secondary vesicles (metencephalon and Myelincephalon) are associated with which adult neural canal region?
The fourth ventricle
Which of the peduncles has efferent fibers move through it and where does it travel to and from
Superior peduncle; from cerebellum to red nucleus, to thalamus, and ends at motor cortex
A person is having issues with swallowing due to an impacted cranial nerve. Which nerves if injured could result in swallowing issues and which phase of swallowing is primarily affected?
IX Glossopharyngeal (Pharyngeal phase)
X Vagus (Pharyngeal and possibly esophageal)
XII Hypoglossal (oral transit or oral prep)
There are three brodmanns areas in the parietal lobe. What are the three and what are they responsible for?
1. Brodmanns area 3, 2, 1: primary sensory cortex
2. Brodmanns area 39: reading and writing
3. Brodmanns area 5 & 7: somatosensory association cortex
-specialized projections through which cerebral spinal fluid leaves the brain
-carries away toxins and clears the brain of debris
arachnoid villi
The prosencephalon (primary brain vesicle) turns into which two secondary brain vesicles?
telencephalon and diencephalon
The superior cerebellar peduncle is associated with which nuclei?
Dentate
How would you assess if CN V trigeminal nerve is still functional?
–Check for paralysis or paresis of ipsilateral muscles of mastication
–Check for absent or exaggerated jaw reflex
–Look for deviation of jaw toward side of injury
–Unilateral lesion has mild effect on bite strength while bilateral has severe effect