Cerebral cortex
Area 4 is also called?
primary motor cortex
how many neurons are in the cortex
30-100 billion neurons
What is included in the gray and white matter?
gray- cortex, nuclei, basal ganglia
white-ventricles
A typical threshold voltage to trigger an AP for a neuron with resting potential of -70 mV would be
-55 mV
The parietal lobe is separated for the temporal lobe by
lateral sulcus
What is stereognosis?
ability to recognize objects by touch
What is the dominant hemisphere for most people?
left
what do the superior and inferior longutidual fascicles connect
superior- connect cortices of all lobes
inferior- connects temporal and occipital lobes
The CT layer surrounding individual axon is the
endoneurium
In a brainstem section prepared with a myelin stain, areas of white matter will stain
black
What causes neglect syndrome?
damage to there parietotemporal association cortex
What is visual agnosia?
inability to visually recognize objects despite intact vision
what are the 3 types of whit matter fibers and where are they?
projection fibers- link the cerebral cortex to more caudal structures
commissural fibers- run between hemispheres
association fibers- interconnect structures of same hemisphere
T/F: Increased stimulus intensity (strength) will produce a large voltage change in the AP
false
The cerebellum is located _____ to the brainstem and ____ to the occipital lobe
posterior, inferior
Well-developed granule cell layers would be found in which type of cortex?
primary somatosensory
what occurs with a lesion of the lateral prefrontal cortex?
lack of goal-oriented behavior and conscientiousness, instability to general alternative possibilities
what do the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum connects?
uncinate fasciculus- connect cortices of frontal and temporal lobes
cingulum- connects cortices of frontal, parietal, temporal lobes
A bone fragment from a fracture of the humerus severs the radial nerve. This injury would be classified as an example of a
class 3 mononeuropathy
The “falling phase” of the AP is caused primarily by
Efflux of potassium out of axons through voltage gated channels
what are the 3 types of cerebral cortex?
paleocortex= olfactory system
archicortex=limbic (emotion) system
neocortex= 90% of cortex
What is the dominant hemisphere responsible for? (4 things)
-verbal language
-semantics/structure of language
-sequential processing
-body scheme (physical)
where do the ascending tracts synapse and travel to?
ascending tracts synapse in the thalamus and travel to the cortex
Where would you locate the pineal gland
epithalamus
The relationship that allows us to calculate the rating potential for a neuron based on the internal and external concentration of ions is called
Goldman equation