The CN involved in speech production are the same as those involved in swallowing (V, VII, IX, X, and XII) plus ________.
CN XI - Accessory
100
These two CN for speech production originate in the NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS of the medulla.
CN IX - glossopharyngeal
CN X - vagus
100
The ________ nerve innervates muscles from branchial arch 2.
FACIAL
100
The _____ nerve innervates muscles from branchial arches 4-6.
Vagus, "the wanderer"
100
The left ______ branch is longer than the right _____ branch.
RECURRENT (branch of VAGUS nerve)
200
These CN contribute to the functional systems of speech production and swallowing:
Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal.
200
The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates one muscle from branchial arch III, the STYLOPHARYNGEAL, which does what?
Dilates the Px during swallow and elevates the Lx during speech.
200
The facial motor nucleus is a two-part structure, where the ______ part innervates muscles in the upper 1/3 of the face and the _____ part innervates muscles in the lower 2/3 of the face.
Upper part of facial motor nucleus --> upper 1/3 of face.
Lower part of facial motor nucleus --> lower 2/3 of face.
200
The three branches of the vagus (related to speech motor production) are ________.
All pharyngeal muscle constrictors and soft palate muscles are innervated by the ____ nerve.
Vagus - pharyngeal branch.
300
CN XI - Accessory is a (major/minor) contributor to speech. [choose]
MINOR.
300
The trigeminal nerve originates in the trigeminal motor nucleus of the _____.
pons.
300
The stapedius muscle (dampens ossicle movement by minimizing stapes movement) is innervated by the _______ nerve.
FACIAL.
300
The ________ branch of the vagus nerve innervates all Px muscle constrictors and all soft palate muscles, all of which are involved in VP movement.
PHARYNGEAL
300
The frontalis muscle and the corrugator are innervated by which CN?
CN VII, facial - upper part of the facial motor nucleus for upper 1/3 of the face.
400
CN XI Accessory innervates two muscles, the _______ and the ________.
Sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius.
400
The trigeminal nerve innervates ~three muscles (branchial arch 1) which are _______.
(1) mandibular muscles (e.g., masseter)
(2) tensor palatini (contributes to VP closure)
(3) tensor tympani muscle (tense the TM by pulling the malleus medially to dampen internal noise associated with chewing.)
400
The hypoglossal nerve originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the ________.
MEDULLA.
400
This branch of the vagus nerve has its own two branches, the internal (Lx muscle proprioception) and the external (innervates cricothyroid).
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL
400
There are few joint movements and little to no proprioceptors here.
Facial muscles - facial expression and lip movement.
500
CN XI originates in the ________ located along cervical segments C1-C5 to the level of the medulla.
SPINAL NUCLEUS. The spinal nucleus receive UMN input from the corticospinal tract; ipsilateral input to the sternocleidomastoid and contralateral input to the trapezius.
500
CN VII originates in the ___________ of the pons.
Facial motor nucleus.
500
The __________ nerve innervates all intrinsic glossal muscles and most extrinsic glossal muscles for tongue movement.
CN XII, hypoglossal.
500
The RECURRENT LARYNGEAL BRANCH innervates all other intrinsic laryngeal muscles (other than the cricothyroid) and has two functions:
(1) contribute to phonation
(2) protect the airway
500
_____ muscles contain proprioceptors, but no sensory ganglia.
Tongue muscles - innervated by CN XII hypoglossal. Proprioceptors merge with somatosensation pathways of CN V trigeminal.