Acute intracranial problems
What are the three intracranial regulation components ?
Cerebrospinal fluid, intravascular blood,and brain tissue.
Nonmodifiable: Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Family History
Modifiable: HTN, Heart Disease,Diabetes, Smoking, Obesity, Sleep Apnea,Metabolic Syndrome, Sedentary Lifestyle, Poor Diet, Drug/Alcohol Use
What headache type is characterised by sharp, stabbing pain, that usually occurs and the same time of day?
Cluster headache
A nursing student has frequent tension headaches. What treatment could they use?
ASA, Tylenol, or NSAIDs (sometimes used with caffeine) Sedative or muscle relaxer
Name 2 nursing interventions for viral meningitis:
Symptom Control
Patient Comfort
HOB elevated Drug therapy
What are the things the GSC measures?
Eye opening,Verbal response, motor response
What is the etiology of strokes? (2 types)
ischemia and hemorrhage
What phase occurs after a seizure?
Postictal Phase
A nurse knows that TPA should be given within what time period?
3-4.5 hours of ONSET of symptoms
A nurse knows that an important aspect of patient teaching for prevent of encephalitis is:
Mosquito bite prevention
What posture is worse with intracranial pressure?
Decerebrate.
What is a Transient Ischemic Attack?
episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain,spinal cord, or retinali schemia (Symptoms < 1 hour)
Describe the moments of a tonic-clonic seizure?
Body stiffens (tonic phase) and then extremities jerk (clonic phase)
Drug therapy for ALS:
No cure available
Rilutek – slows progression
Artificial ventilation
Patient education related to MS:
Triggers, mobility, bladder control issues, constipation
What is the prevention of bacterial meningitis ?
Vaccinations:MCV4, Serogroup B Meningococcal, Flu/Pneumonia
Prophylactic antibiotics for
exposure
A patient you are taking care of had a stroke last night. The family wants to know when they can have a drink.What do you tell them?
They will need to have a shallow study before being able to drink anything.
List seizure precautions:
side rails padded, pillow under the head, artificial airway material and suction at bedside, loose clothing, bed in lowest position, privacy provided.
What drug would you expect to be giving to someone in status epilepticus?
Rapid-Acting antiseizure drug (IV benzo)- lorazepam, midazolam, or diazepam
Nursing assessment of a stroke patient:
Cardiac and Respiratory Status, Health History, Neurological Assessment
What is the difference between meningitis and encephalitis?
What is the NIHSS? What is the score range? Does higher or lower mean increase risk?
What is the difference between focal awareness and impaired focal awareness?
Focal Awareness:Conscious and alert with unusual feelings, emotions or sensations
Focal Impaired Awareness: Loss of consciousness or change in awareness. Eyes are open with no memory of events
Drug therapy for parkinson's:
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
Anticholinergic drugs (Cogentin)
MAOIs
Interventions for acute care of ischemic strokes:
Time of onset, ABCs, Maintain Oxygenation,Maintain BP, Fluid/electrolyte balance, Drug Therapy and Endovascular Therapy