Inability to recognize a stimulus, not related to primary sensory loss.
What is agnosia?
100
Absence of movement vs. weakness
What are paralysis vs. paresis?
100
Extensive network of afferent & efferent fibers interconnecting & influencing all parts of brain; not fully understood.
What is the limbic lobe?
100
Imaging technique using x-rays; not well suited for identifying acute ischemia, but good for detecting hemorrhage.
What is CT scanning?
100
Numbered neuron that is the decussation point of the spinothalamic tract
What is the 2nd-order neuron?
200
Unimodal, polymodal, supramodal
What sensory association cortices?
200
Decussation point of the lateral corticospinal tract
What are the pyramids of the medulla?
200
Associated with sleep-wake cycles, mood and emotion
What is the reticular formation?
200
Imaging technique with many variations good for viewing anatomical detail and distinguishing gray from white matter.
What is MRI?
200
Superficial pain receptors
What are nociceptors?
300
Position sense
What is proprioception?
300
Loss of muscle bulk due to denervation.
What is atrophy?
300
Severe memory loss results from damage to this structure located in the medial temporal lobe region.
What is the hippocampus?
300
Measures blood flow changes in response to brain actvation.
What is functional MRI?
300
Multi-branched nerve controlling visceral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal function
What is the vagus nerve?
400
Hypoalgesia
What is reduced pain sensation?
400
A disorder of motor planning for speech
What is verbal apraxia or apraxia of speech?
400
Indiscriminate eating, oral exploration, fearlessness, docility, visual agnosia, inappropriate hypersexuality, & amnesia are associated with bilateral damage to this structure.
What is the amygdala?
400
Imaging technique that delineates white matter/axonal pathways.
What is diffusion tensor imaging?
400
Test for cerebral dominance of language and/or memory function prior to surgery for intractable sizures.
What is the Wada test?
500
At least 3 of the 4 components of the 3-neuron sensory pathway of the spinothalamic path (see diagram).
What are the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord, the brainstem or spinal cord, the thalamus, the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex
500
Tract that controls skeletal movements vs. tract that controls movements for speech and swallowing
What is corticospinal tract vs. corticonuclear tract?
500
At least 3 of the 4 components of the axial-limbic brain.
What are the autonomic nervous system, limbic lobe, hypothalamus, reticular formation?
500
Test measuring electrical output of brain vs. test measuring electrical output of muscles.
What is electrical encephalography (EEG) vs. electromyography (EMG)?
500
Electrical activity/twitch of a single muscle fiber vs. electrical activity of an entire motor unit.