A cerebellar lesion causes (ipsilateral/contralateral) deficits.
What is ipsilateral?
100
Absence of movement vs. weakness
What are paralysis vs. paresis?
100
Lesions here result in involuntary movements on the contralateral side.
What are the basal ganglia?
100
Inability to recognize a stimulus, not related to primary sensory loss.
What is agnosia?
100
The number of major basal ganglia circuits.
What is four?
200
The cerebellar lobe responsible for coordination of skilled movements.
What is the posterior lobe?
200
Decussation point of the lateral corticospinal tract
What are the pyramids of the medulla?
200
The bradykinesia, hypokinesia and tremor associated with Parkinson's disease are due to reduced dopamine production in this area of the brainstem (functionally related to the basal ganglia)
What is the substantia nigra?
200
The three types of sensory association cortices
What are the unimodal, polymodal, supramodal association areas?
200
The motor tract that controls head and neck movements.
What corticobulbar or corticonuclear tract?
300
Cooperative action of muscles to achieve coordinated movement, mediated by the cerebellum.
What is muscle synergy?
300
Loss of muscle bulk due to denervation.
What is atrophy?
300
The two thalamic nuclei that assist in integration of visual and auditory information, respectively.
What are the lateral geniculate body and the medial geniculate body?
300
Position sense
What is proprioception?
300
The part of the brain that exerts neural and hormonal control on autonomic nervous system functions like body temperature, water and food intake, etc.
What is the hypothalamus?
400
The cerebellar lobe responsible for equilibrium and coordinated eye movements.
What is the floccular nodular lobe?
400
A disorder of motor planning for speech
What is verbal apraxia or apraxia of speech?
400
The two parts of the basal ganglia that comprise the striatum.
What are the caudate nucleus and the putamen?
400
Reduced pain sensation
What is hypoalgesia?
400
Electrical activity/twitch of a single muscle fiber vs. electrical activity of an entire motor unit.
What is fibrillation vs. fasciculation?
500
Clumsiness in rapid, alternating movements.
What is dysdiadochokinesia?
500
Tract that controls skeletal movements vs. tract that controls movements for speech and swallowing
What is corticospinal tract vs. corticonuclear tract?
500
At least 3 of the 4 components of the diencephalon.
What are the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus?
500
At least 3 of the 4 components of the 3-neuron sensory pathway of the spinothalamic path (see diagram).
What are the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord, the brainstem or spinal cord, the thalamus, the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex?
500
Tract that controls voluntary movement vs. tract that exerts subconscious, indirect, inhibitory control.