Where is the Lesion?
Weakness in all 4 limbs suggest a lesion in this region of the spinal cord
Cervical (neck, C1-C5)
Lysis of adjacent vertebral endplates on radiographs/CT/MRI is indicative of this disease
Discospondylitis
This breed is most predisposed to Caudal Occipital Malformation Syndrome (COMS) or Chiari-like Malformation
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
This drug can cause elevations of certain liver enzymes
Phenobarbital
This condition can cause acute back pain and paralysis
Disc herniation (slipped, ruptured, IVDD)
This lab test is run to diagnose patients with Myasthenia Gravis
Acetylcholine receptor antibody (AchRAb)
A dog circling to the left most likely has a lesion on this side of the forebrain
Left
This imaging modality if preferred as a first line for patients with head trauma
CT
The TWO small breeds most commonly affected by intervertebral disc disease (IVDD)
Dachshund, French Bulldog
In its default formulation, this drug must be given 3 times per day
This is an infectious disease affecting the disc and bones of the spine
Discospondylitis
This test may be helpful for dogs with pain opening the jaw and muscle swelling or atrophy of the head
2M Ab/antibody titer
A head tilt and nystagmus are most likely causes by a lesion in this "system"
Vestibular
On an MRI sequence, this term is used to refer to something that is bright
Hyperintense
The large breed most commonly affected by Degenerative Myelopathy
German Shepherd
These TWO drugs are safest and preferred for patients with liver disease
Keppra (Levetiracetam), Potassium Bromide (KBr, KBroVet)
This spinal cord condition causes sudden non-painful weakness or paralysis
Fibrocartilagenous embolism (FCE) or ANNPE
This test is not helpful in identifying a stroke, but can be a key part of identifying inflammatory conditions
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)
Paralysis in the hind limbs with normal function in the forelimbs suggest a lesion in this region of the spine
Thoracolumbar (T3-L3)
Disc spaces at the edge of a radiograph can have this appearance due to being oblique to the x-ray beams
Narrowed
List one of the two breeds most likely to develop Caudal Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (Wobbler Disease)
Great Dane, Doberman Pinscher
Serum separator tubes are not recommended when measuring drug levels for this reason
False/artificial low levels (binds drug)
This inherited condition causes degenerative loss of spinal cord function causing weakness in the hind legs
Degenerative Myelopathy (DM)
This test is required to confirm a diagnosis of Rabies
Brain histopathology (biopsy, immunohistochemistry)
Seizures indicate a lesion in this part of the brain
Cerebrum (Forebrain)
This advanced imaging modality tends to give the best spatial resolution for measuring fine detail
CT
This small breed is most likely to have incomplete closure of the skull (fontanelle)
Chihuahua
Measuring drug levels just prior to the next dose if referred to as this
This condition is caused by excessive tension of the terminal spinal cord attachments in the lower spine (filum terminale), resulting in pain and abnormal urination
Tethered cord
The actual genetic mutation that we test for when screening for Degenerative Myelopathy
SOD1 gene (superoxide dismutase)