data
examples of subjective data
headache/injury
dizziness
seizures/tremors
weakness/incoordination
numbness/tingling
diffulculty swallowing and speaking
what is cranial nerve #1, and how do you test it
olfactory (smell)
tell them to close their eyes and smell an alcohol swab
what is cranial nerve #9, and how do you test it
glossopharyngeal
-gag reflex
how do you test RAM (rapid alternating movements)
pat their knees then switch the sides of their hands and go faster
touch the thumb to each finger than reverse
finger to finger or finger to nose
what can occasionally occur with aging adults
senile tremors
what are some tools needed for a neuro exam
-pen light
-tounge blade
-cotton swab and ball
-tuning fork
-percussion hammer
what is cranial nerve #2, and how do you test it
optic nerve
visual acuity and visual fields (snellen chart)
what is cranial nerve #10, and how do you test it
vagus
-ahhh, uvula raises midline
how do you test sensory systems
superficial pain
light touch
vibrations
sterognosis
symmetry
what are some differences for the DTR
-less brisk
-lower may be absent
-plantar reflex may be absent
how do you prepare for objective findings
-screening neurological exam
-complete neurological exam
-neurological recheck exam
what are cranial nerves #3, 4, 6
oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
cardinal fields, accommodation, pupils
what is cranial nerve #5
trigeminal
what are some examples of a fine touch test, and describe them
steregnosis
graphesthesia
two-point discrimination
extinction
point location
what are some signs of alzheimers
losing track and losing things
forgetting words
getting lost
poor judgement
what does FAST plan stand for (strokes)
f: face drooping
a: arm weakness
s: speech difficulty
t: time to call 911
what is cranial nerve #7, and how do you test it
facial
smile, frown, lift eyebrows
what is cranial nerve #11, and how do you test it
assessory
ask them to move their head or shoulders
what is a neurological recheck
did anything change from the baseline
LESS THAN 8: INTUBATE
-LOC
-motor function
-pupillary response
-vital signs
examples of abnormalities in muscle tone
flaccidity: soft, limp
spasticity: increased tone
rigidity: resistance to movement
cogwheel rigidity: increased tone that releases with small jerks
HTN
smoking
heart disorders
what is cranial nerve #8, and how do you test it
-voice whisper test and ability to hear
what is cranial nerve #12
hypoglossal (chewing and speech)
types of LOC
coma: unresponsive/unconscious
stupor: some arousal with stimuli
obtundity: conscious in a sleep state
delirium: confusion, loudness, agitation
conscious: alert, oriented, memory
examples of abnormal gaits
cerebellar ataxia
parkinsonians
footdrop