Action Potential
What is the resting membrane potential?
-65mv
Point of contact made between an axon terminal and the post synaptic site
synapse
Explain the difference between efferent and afferent?
Efferent- motor information travels from the brain
Afferent- sensory information travels to the brain
Glial cells that make myelin in the PNS
Schwann Cells
Describe Transduction and give an Example
Change of one Form of energy to another form of energy
Describe the Axon terminal
Also called Boutons or Presynaptic endings: Located at the end of the axon, contains synaptic vesicles of neurotransmitters that release into the synapse
What direction is the coronal, sagittal, and transverse (axial) plane
coronal- through the top of the head
sagittal- split the body down the middle (left and right)
transverse- split in half (top and bottom)
What is the Myelin Sheath
A white fatty insulating layer that aids in the propagation of neural signals along myelinated axons
What is over shoot?
Part of action potential where inside of neuron is more positively charged than outside
What is retrograde transport?
movement from terminal → soma
What is the difference between association and commissural fibers
Association- intrahemispheric; connect different parts of the same hemisphere
Commissural- interhemispheric; horizontal fibers that connect gray matter of two hemispheres
What are the gaps between myelin segments?
Nodes of Ranvier
What are the 6 phases of an Action Potential?
1. Resting Phase
2. Rising Phase
3. The overshoot Phase
4. The falling phase
5. The undershoot phase
6. The recovery Phase
Describe the Axon Hillock
End of nucleus, beginning of axon, action potential is generated; spike initiation zone
What is scientific reductionism?
Approach to tackle complex systems breaking them down into micro and macro structures
What are oligodendrocytes? (CNS)
Myelin Producing cells: primarily in white matter
Describe action potential and what type of response is it?
The transposition of charge making the inside of the neuron briefly positive that is an all or nothing response
What are the 4 tenets of the neuron doctrine?
--The neuron is the structural & functional unit of nervous system
-- neurons are not genetically or anatomically continuous
-- neurons consist of a soma, axon, and dendrites
-- conduction happens in direction of dendrites → soma → axon
What is the difference between IPSPs and EPSPs?
An IPSP makes a neuron less likely to fire an action potential
An EPSP makes a neuron more likely to fire an action potential
Who is Cajal and what did he do?
He was a histologist and artist and created Golgi-Stained Neurons. Identified that neurons are distinct not continuous