Brain Map
This structure divides into two hemispheres, each split into frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.
What is the cerebrum?
This amino acid neurotransmitter is the brain's major inhibitory chemical, often call "the brakes"
What is GABA?
In this model, the "loaded gun" represents the genetic vulnerability, and the environment "pulls the trigger"
What is the diathesis-stress paradigm
Unlike dementia, this cognitive exemplar has a rapid onset over hours to a few days and can cycle between hyperactive and hypoactive states.
What is delirium?
This chromosomal condition, the most common form of aneuploidy, results from trisomy 21
What is down syndrome?
This part of the limbic system plays a major role in retaining long-term memory and is affected early in Alzheimer's disease.
What is the hippocampus?
This monoamine, produced in the substantia nigra, drives reward-seeking behavior and is linked to schizophrenia in excess and Parkinson's disease in deficit.
What is dopamine?
This phenomenon explains why repeated stress or mood episodes require less and less provocation to trigger a full episode over time.
What is kindling?
This protein forms plaques that wrap around axons in Alzheimer's disease, disrupting neuronal transmission.
This most common type of cerebral palsy is marked by hypertonic, rigid muscles and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes.
What is spastic (pyramidal) cerebral palsy?
This region contains the hypothalamus and regulates temperature, appetite, and endocrine function.
What is the diencephalon?
Produced in the locus coeruleus, this neurotransmitter drives the fight-or-flight response, and is low in depression but high in mania.
What is norepinephrine?
In this anxiety subtype, an overactive prefrontal cortex–basal ganglia loop gets stuck because the brain can't register that a task is complete.
What is OCD?
In stroke, motor deficits like weakness or paralysis occur on this side of the body relative to the affected brain hemisphere.
What is the contralateral (opposite) side?
For a diagnosis of this neurodevelopmental disorder, symptoms must impair functioning across school, home, and/or social settings.
What is ADD/ADHD?
Damage to this structure impairs balance, coordination, and motor skills — and its dysfunction causes the ataxic type of cerebral palsy.
What is the cerebellum?
Made in the raphe nuclei from tryptophan, this neurotransmitter regulates mood, sleep, and appetite, and is implicated in depression and OCD.
What is serotonin?
This two-step model of schizophrenia says an early developmental insult sensitizes the brain, with a later stressor — often in adolescence — triggering psychosis.
What is the two-hit hypothesis?
This area of at-risk but still-salvageable tissue surrounds the core of an ischemic stroke, and is the target of fast treatment.
What is the penumbra?
This developmental disorder is defined by deficits in communication/social interaction plus restricted, repetitive behavior patterns, with no confirmed link to vaccines.
What is autism spectrum disorder?
This structure governs automated processes like breathing and heart rate, and sits at the base of the brain.
What is the brain stem?
The brain's major excitatory neurotransmitter, found almost everywhere, whose excess drives kindling and excitotoxic cell death.
What is glutamate?
This structure, along with the amygdala, is the hub of the mesolimbic reward circuit hijacked in addiction.
What is the nucleus accumbens?
This type of aphasia results from damage to Broca's area, leaving a patient able to understand language but unable to express it correctly.
What is aphasia?
Injury or abnormal development of the immature brain before, during, or up to one year after birth causes this non-progressive movement disorder.
What is cerebral palsy?