Cranial Nerves
Divisions and structures
Parts of the brain and their function
Fiber Tracts
Basic functions of Brain Structures
100
Which cranial nerve controls tongue movement for speech and swallowing?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
100
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
100
What lobe of the brain is associated with processing visual information?
The Occipital lobe
100
This fiber tract run in and from the cortex to the brainstem and spinal column
Projection fibers
100
Higher functions (cognition, language, memory) also integrates sensorimotor and perception
Cerebrum
200
Which cranial nerve is responsible for vocal fold movement?
Vagus nerve (CN X)
200
Which two structures make up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
200
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
It is in charge of making decisions, solving problems, moving voluntarily, and controlling emotions.
200
This fiber is the communication between regions of the same hemisphere
Association fibers
200
Regulates coordination of skilled movements
Cerebellum
300
Which cranial nerve provides motor control to the muscles of mastication, which are important for speech production?
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
300
What are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
300
Which fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?
The lateral fissure or the Sylvian fissure
300
Connect location on hemisphere to corresponding location on the other hemisphere
Commisural fibers
300
Mediates auditory and visual reflexes, maintains cortical arousal, and houses cranial nerve nuclei
Midbrain
400
Damage to which cranial nerve can result in hypernasal speech due to poor velopharyngeal closure?
Vagus nerve (CN X)
400
Which major structure in the brainstem serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the cerebellum (motor control and sensory processing?)
The pons
400
How does damage to the parietal lobe affect spatial awareness and body perception?
If the parietal lobe gets damaged, it can make it harder to understand space and distance, cause someone to ignore one side of their body, and make it difficult to recognize objects just by touch. It might also lead to coordination issues and trouble sensing where the body is in space.
400
Is a mass of projection fibers running to and from the cortex - afferent fibers arising from thalamus
Corona radiata
400
Regulates body functions such as temperature, satiation, water balance, emotional behavior, sexual response
Hypothalamus
500
Which cranial nerve carries both sensory and motor functions crucial for swallowing including pharyngeal and laryngeal movement?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
500
What part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary functions (digestion, heart rate, respiration?)
Autonomic nervous system
500
Which brain structure is involved in the coordination of voluntary movement and is affected in disorders like Huntington’s disease?
Basal ganglia
500
Connects frontal lobe gyri to temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes - damage causes conduction aphasia
Arcuate fasiculus
500
Regulates respiration, phonation, heartbeat, blood pressure, and reflexes
Medulla