Neuroanatomy and Physiology

Brain

100

What is the largest part of the brain?

Cerebrum or telencephalon

200

What part of the brain coordinates balance and walking?

Cerebellum

300

 The brain and spinal cord are a part of what system?

The Central nervous System 

400

How many neurons are comprised in the Brain and body?

Billions 

500

What part of the brain is responsible for maintaining consciousness, processing, and normal speech?

Cerebrum

Axons. Dendrites, and Neurons

100

The long arm of a neuron that transmit information  to other neurons

axon

200

What may a neuron have multiple branches of that receive information for the cell

Dendrite 

300

What is the space of interaction that separates neurons from one another

synapse

400

Neuronal activity in the autonomic nervous systems control what motor response in your body?

Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing , or digestive system

500

In structural and functional support of a cell, what support system is vital in neuronal survival?

Glial cells

More Neurons

100

A bundle of motor neurons that are responsible for the movements of the body (muscles) as also known as what?

Efferent pathways

200

A bundle or sensory neurons that are responsible for processing information and sensory reactions that lead to motor responses is known as what?

Afferent Pathways 

300

Which type of neurons are also known as your body's chemical messengers, communicating with each other from cell to cell?

Neurotransmitters 

400

Which type of neurons release neurotransmitters in order to  increase the chances of other neurons to generate action potentials or spike in the cells?

Excitatory

500

A 62-year-old patient presents with a left hemispheric stroke that has impacted the his right side of his face resulting in severe sensation issues, saliva management, and articulation of speech. Six weeks into therapy, he has NOT regained his sensory functional ability, articulation (motor movement) of his speech. Which system in your opinion is still affected?

Central and Peripheral systems 

Science vs Pseudoscience

100

What are the key characteristics that distinguish a scientific theory from a pseudoscientific claim?

Empirical evidence, falsifiability, replicability, peer reviewed, 

200

In what ways can pseudoscience have real-world consequences, and how can the public be educated to better distinguish between science and pseudoscience?

A person can risk their health with unproven methods

300

Why is scientific evidence supporting effective treatments for speech and language disorders needed compared to  pseudoscientific claims in SLP?

The profession is based on Evidence based practice

400

How can practitioners in speech-language pathology differentiate between evidence-based practices and pseudoscientific approaches?

Through the use of published journal articles and methods backed by ASHA.

500

What are some strategies for educating patients and their families about the importance of evidence-based practices in speech-language pathology?

• Provide clear explanations about how evidence-based practices are developed and validated through scientific research.
• Use accessible language and visual aids to explain the benefits of evidence-based treatments and the risks associated with pseudoscientific approaches.
• Share information from reputable sources, such as professional organizations and peer-reviewed journals, to build trust and understanding.

Disorders

100

What are the impacts of Alzheimer's disease on communication, and how can SLPs support individuals with this condition?

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and communication difficulties. This may lead to word finding, comprehension and problem solving difficulty. 

200

Which system is impacted by Parkinson’s disease , and how does it affect speech and language?

Central Nervous System and its affects voice, use of language and verbal fluency. 

300

How does aphasia affect speech and language, and what are the main types of aphasia that speech-language pathologists (SLPs) commonly address?

• Broca’s Aphasia (Non-fluent Aphasia): Characterized by difficulty in producing speech and writing, but relatively intact comprehension. Speech is halting and effortful.
• Wernicke’s Aphasia (Fluent Aphasia): Involves fluent but nonsensical speech and significant difficulty in understanding language, with impaired comprehension.
• Global Aphasia: Severe form of aphasia that affects all aspects of language, both expressive and receptive.
• Anomic Aphasia: Marked by difficulty finding words, especially nouns and verbs, while comprehension and grammar may remain relatively intact.

400

What are the key characteristics of dysarthria, and how do its different types affect speech production?

Spastic Dysarthria: Characterized by strained, harsh, and slow speech with reduced intelligibility due to spasticity of speech muscles.

Flaccid Dysarthria: Results in weak, breathy, and imprecise speech due to weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles.

Ataxic Dysarthria: Features irregular, imprecise articulation and prosodic abnormalities due to coordination issues.

Hypokinetic Dysarthria: Often seen in Parkinson’s disease, leading to reduced speech volume, rapid speech rate, and diminished articulation.

500

How does traumatic brain injury (TBI) affect communication, and what are some effective SLP strategies for treating individuals with TBI?

TBI can cause various cognitive and communication impairments depending on the severity and location of the injury. it may has effects on communication such as 

• Cognitive-Communication Impairments: Problems with attention, memory, executive function, and language processing.
• Speech Production Issues: May include dysarthria or apraxia, depending on the nature of the injury.