Regional Facts
This frontal lobe area is responsible for voluntary motor movement.
What is the primary motor cortex?
The typical resting membrane potential of a neuron is approximately this value.
What is -70mV?
In split-brain patients, information presented to the left visual field is processed by this hemisphere.
What is the right hemisphere?
The difference in ion concentration across the membrane creates this type of gradient.
What is a concentration (chemical) gradient?
This insulating substance speeds up neural transmission.
What is myelin?
This lobe helps you locate where your hand is in space without looking at it.
What is the parietal lobe?
This ion is more concentrated inside the neuron at rest.
What is potassium (K⁺)?
This structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain and is cut in split brain syndromes.
What is the corpus callosum?
During the rising phase of the action potential, these channels open.
What are voltage-gated sodium channels?
These branch-like structures receive incoming signals from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
This area processes touch, temperature, and pain sensations.
What is the primary somatosensory cortex?
This occurs when the membrane potential becomes less negative.
What is depolarization?
Damage to this lobe can result in blindness.
What is the occipital lobe?
Repolarization occurs primarily because these channels open.
What are voltage-gated potassium channels?
This region conducts the action potential down the neuron.
What is the axon?
This region in the left frontal lobe is critical for speech production.
What is Broca's Area?
The membrane potential must reach this approximate value to trigger an action potential.
What is about –55 millivolts?
A blow to the back of the head and this structure would result in poor balance or motor coordination.
What is the cerebellum?
Continued potassium efflux can produce this phase below resting potential.
What is hyperpolarization?
This region converts the electrical signal into a chemical signal.
What is the axon terminal?
This structure plays a major role in processing fear and emotional?
What is the amygdala?
This principle states that once threshold is reached, the action potential will fire at full strength.
What is the all-or-none law?
After the accident, Gage showed major changes in this aspect of functioning.
What is personality (or impulse control/decision-making)?
If K⁺ leak channels were suddenly blocked, the membrane potential would shift in this direction.
What is more positive (depolarize)?
Demyelination reduces conduction velocity because ion channels are normally concentrated at these locations.
What are the nodes of Ranvier?