Cortical Areas
What is the Broca's Area?
This cranial nerve innervates the face
CN VII - Facial
The most anterior lobe of the brain; responsible for voluntary movement, speech and language, and executive function
Frontal lobe
Regulates motor movement, balance, coordination, and cognition; injury to the area results in ataxia
Cerebellum
Patient with left CVA reports struggling with word finding; assessment of his receptive language showed strong comprehension skills; patient and family reported he mostly speaks in words or short phrases.
Most likely diagnosis:
Broca's Aphasia
In the left hemisphere temporal lobe; responsible for comprehension of speech
What is Wernicke's area?
This cranial nerve is responsible for voice production, innervation of the velum and laryngeal muscles
CV X - Vagus Nerve
Most posterior lobe of the brain; contains the primary visual cortex; responsible for visual perception and spatial interpretation
Occipital lobe
Area of the brain responsible for the creation of dopamine, control voluntary movement and learning
Basal ganglia
You interview a patient whose family has communication concerns. Patient says they do not notice any problems with speech, but you notice non-sensical speech, poor comprehension, and impaired repetition.
Most likely diagnosis:
Wernicke's aphasia
In the precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe; planning and executing voluntary body movement
Primary motor cortex
CNV - Trigeminal
Anterior to the occipital lobe; responsible for auditory processing, language and speech, memory formation, and visual recognition
Temporal lobe
Nerve cell that originates in the cerebral cortex or brainstem; lesion results in spastic dysarthria
Upper Motor Neurons
Patient reports problems with slurred speech, equal and excess stress, and imprecise articulation. You think he most likely has ataxic dysarthria. Which area was damaged?
Cerebellum
Somatosensory area
This cranial nerve affects pharyngeal contraction during swallow
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
Posterior to the frontal lobe; responsible for touch and sensation, proprioception, and spatial orientation
Parietal lobe
Top of the brainstem; processes visual and auditory reflexes
Midbrain
Patient reports problems with speech and movement. During session, clinician notes rushes of speech, monopitch, "masked" face, and slow/rigid movement. His doctor believes he has Parkinson's. The area damaged:
Basal ganglia
Located anterior to primary motor cortex; plans and coordinates complex, internally generated voluntary movements
Supplementary motor cortex
This cranial nerve innervates the tongue muscle
CN XII - Hypoglossal
Lower part of the brain; responsible for the body's automatic regulation and body's control center
Brain stem
Portion of the brainstem that bridges the brain and cerebellum; assists with facial movements, balance, and sleep
Pons
A patient's report says he has damage to the basal ganglia after an accident. What dysarthrias might he have as a result?
Hyperkinetic or hypokinetic dysarthria