Brain Anatomy - Structure
Brain Anatomy - Function
Neurons
Support Cells
Signal Transmission
100
These are the 3 primary vesicles that eventually form the central nervous system.
What are the Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain?
100
This portion of the nervous system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis, also known as “rest and digest”.
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
100
This part of the neuron receives information.
What are dendrites?
100
While present in the same quantity as neurons, this type of cell provides physical and functional support to the neurons.
What are glia/glial cells?
100
As the electrical impulse travels down the axon and from one neuron to another, it is known as:
What is the action potential?
200
Highly myelinated, the corpus callosum is composed of mostly this.
What is white matter?
200
The brain region (lobe) colored in blue, contains Broca’s area which is largely associated with speech production.
What is the frontal lobe?
200
Because action potentials are “all or nothing” and not graded, this allows signals to vary in strength.
What is frequency of firing?
200
These cells secrete cerebrospinal fluid which serves to cushion the brain.
What are ependymal cells?
200
The action potential jumps from one unmyelinated section of the axon to another landing at these specific locations (red squares).
What are the nodes of ranvier?
300
The ridges and folds of the cerebral cortex are known as what, respectively.
What are gyri and sulci?
300
Arguably the most important part of the brain, this structure maintains heartbeat, breath control, and swallowing.
What is the medulla/medulla oblongata?
300
Myelin helps with signal transduction within the nervous system in these ways.
What is speed, preventing signal dropoff, and avoiding crosstalk from other cells?
300
These support cells are responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier and assist with synaptic function.
What are astrocytes?
300
Known as the main excitatory neurotransmitter, this plays an important role in learning and memory and is found in every organism with a nervous system.
What is Glutamate?
400
Identify the feature indicated by #1.
What is the cerebrum/cerebral cortex?
400
The following labeled region (#1), is responsible for coordination of movement and balance.
What is the cerebellum?
400
The gap between neurons that signals cross that was discovered in the 1950’s is known as:
What is the synaptic cleft?
400
Small but abundant, these cells respond to inflammation and clean up waste within the nervous system.
What are microglia?
400
This neurotransmitter is associated with reward and motivation behavior and is released when you scroll on your phone or get “likes” on social media.
What is dopamine?
500
These structures, colored in green, are located below the thalamus and above the pons.
What are the superior colliculi?
500
This structure takes in sensory information from the environment, except smell, and is located deep within the brain.
What is the thalamus?
500
The arrangement of neurons that varies between brains regions is known as:
What is cytoarchitecture?
500
Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes are located in which regions of the nervous system, respectively.
What are the PNS and CNS?
500
When a neurotransmitter binds to this type receptor, it initiates a secondary cascade pathway instead of opening the receptor channel right away.
What are metabotropic receptors?