Seizures
These are the types of seizures
These are clinical manifestations of Guillan-Barre Syndrome (name at least 3)
progressive, symmetrical muscle weakness, paresthesia, pain, hypotonia, areflexia, weakness/paralysis, ascending sx, ANS dysfunction, CN impairment, dysphagia, dysphonia
These are common clinical manifestations of MS (name at least 3)
ocular disturbances, muscle dysfunction, urinary disturbances, bowel disturbances, fatigue, speech problems, cognitive problems
These are the 3 characteristics of PD
bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor at rest
These are clinical manifestations of MG (name at least 3)
fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscles, ptosis, fatigue, blank, expressionless facial appearance, dysphagia, dysphonia, head bobbing, muscle paralysis
These are diagnostic tests used for patients with seizure disorders (name at least 3)
EEG, CT, MRI, blood glucose
These are possible complications of GBS (name at least 3)
respiratory failure, VTE, pressure ulcers, muscle wasting, sepsis, contractures, respiratory and urinary tract infections
These are possible complications of MS (name at least 3)
injury from falls, UTIs, constipation, pressure ulcers, pna, depression, death
Loss of this neurotransmitter is the main cause of PD
Dopamine
This test is used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate patients for MG
Tensilon test
Seizures can lead to a complication called
Status epilepticus
This is the pathophysiology of GBS
bacterial/viral illness vs. autoimmune causes segmental demyelination of preipheral nerves, prevents normal transmission of electrical impulses in sensory and motor neurons
This is what happens on a cellular level in patients with MS
demyelination of white matter of brain and spinal cord
This drug is considered the standard treatment for PD
Sinemet (carbidopa-levodopa)
Treatment for MG includes these (name at least 3 drugs/classes of drugs or other treatments)
Neostigmine, steroids, immunosuppressants, IV Ig, plasmapheresis, Thymectomy
These are common side effects of most-anti-seizure drugs (name at least 3)
CNS depression, dizziness/drowsiness, ataxia, diplopia
These test are done to assess the peripheral nervous system (name and explain at least 4)
Motor function: hand grasp, pedal push/pull; Cerebellar fct: romberg, finger-to-nose, heel-to-shin Sensory system: graphesthesia, stereognosis, 2 pt discrimination Reflexes: patellar
These medications are used in the treatment for MS (name 3 classes)
steroids, immune system therapy, muscle relaxants, antidepressants
These are clinical manifestations of PD (name at least 4)
tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait, mask-like facial expression, stooped posture,reduced arm swing, shuffling gait, depression, constipation, orthostatic hypotension
These are clinical manifestations of ALS (name at least 4)
fasciculations, spasticity, muscle atrophy, impaired speech, dysphagia, dyspnea
These are important nursing measures for patients experiencing an active seizure (name at least 5)
suction, O2, maintain airway, protect head, loosen clothing, ease pt to floor, do not restrain, do not place objects in pt mouth
These are nursing considerations when caring for a patient with GBS (name at least 5)
frequent assessment to detect deterioration, ABCs, frequent VS, dysphagia, dysphoia, full neuro assessment, skin care, passive ROM, elevate HOB, SCDs/anticoagulation, watch for urinary retention/constipation
This is how you assess for CN VII, VIII, IX, XI
VII: smile, raise eyebrows, puff cheeks, VIII: whisper near each ear, IX: ask pt to swallow, check gag reflex with tongue blade, XI: shoulder shrug, turn head side to side
These are nursing considerations when caring for a patient with PD
educate about med regimen, encourage independence, fall precautions, small, frequent meals, encourage fluid intake, emotional support, encourage exercise, refer to HH, refer to American PD Association
These are nursing considerations when caring for a patient with ALS (name at least 5)
Facilitate communication, Aspiration precautions, Early ID of respiratory insufficiency, Pain management, Fall precautions, Diversional activities, Encourage to discuss end-of-life wishes with family and provider, Rehab program to maintain independence as long as possible, Assistive devices (walker, cane, WC) Teach: suction, feeding, Emotional support, Refer to ALS association, Refer to HH for home safety assessment