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100

These nerve fibers carry motor commands away from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

What are general somatic efferents?

100

These chemicals are released into the synaptic cleft, and then diffuse from one side of the cleft to the other and bind to receptors on a post-synaptic neuron. 

What are neurotransmitters?

100

Macroglial cells that myelinate axons in the CNS.

What are oligodendrocytes?

100

These are changes in ion concentrations across a postsynaptic membrane, causing the cell to become less negative or depolarized.  These lead to an increased rate of production of Action Potentials.

What is an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

100

This is a decrease in response to a repeated Benign stimulus.

What is habituation?

200
This is part of the Peripheral Nervous System that is divided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions.  

What is the autonomic nervous system?

200

These neurons have multiple dendrites and 1 axon. These are motor neurons found in the brain and spinal cord.

What are multipolar neurons?

200

These cells are attacked in Guillain-Barre Syndrome.

What are Schwann Cells?

200

These chemical molecules alter neural function and are released into extracellular fluid AWAY from the synaptic cleft.

What are neuromodulators?

200

These are examples of experience dependent plasticity in the brain.  This process involves persistent long-lasting changes in the strength of synapses between neurons.

What are learning and memory?

300
These processes project out from the neuron cell body and receive information from other cells or the environment.

What are dendrites?

300

The resting membrane potential inside a neuron at rest.

What is -70 mV?

300

These glial cells stimulate communication between neurons and have end feet to capillaries helping to maintain blood-brain barrier.

What are astrocytes?

300

This adds up all inhibitory and excitatory effects of stimuli converging from many different neurons onto one.

What is spatial summation?

300

This happens after an axon has been damaged.  The distal segment of the axon pulls away, breaks down and the myelin sheath pulls away.

What is Wallerian Degeneration?

400

This is the junction of the axon hillock and the initial segment, the site where the nerve impulse starts.

What is the trigger zone?

400

These channels open in response to a stimulus and close when the stimulus is removed.

What are gated channels?

400

These epithelial cells line the brain's ventricles and assist in secretion and circulation of CSF.

What are ependymal cells?

400

This excitatory neurotransmitter is found at the neuromuscular junction of all motor neurons?

What is acetylcholine?

400

This happens when an axon and its target cell are both damaged.  The injured axon then sends out side sprouts to a new target.

What is regenerative sprouting?

500

These association neurons are located in the CNS and carry impulses from one neuron to another in the spinal cord and brain.

What are interneurons?

500

This is the type of transmission of impulses along myelinated nerve fibers.

What is saltatory conduction?

500

After a PNS injury, these cells form a corridor for possible axon re-growth following injury.

What are Schwann cells?

500

This neurotransmitter affects mood and perception of pain.  Low levels of it have been associated with depression and suicidal behavior.

What is serotonin?

500

This important part of neuroplasticity occurs when cortical maps change in response to sensory input/experience and learning.  This is a critical component of how PT helps in recovery post neurological insult.

What is functional reorganization of the cerebral cortex?

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