I have a headache
What is the most appropriate next diagnostic test when suspicion for subarachnoid hemorrhage remains high despite a negative noncontrast CT performed more than 6 hours after onset
LP
Xanthochromia
What is the diagnostic imaging study of choice for suspected spinal epidural abscess?
MRI of the spine with and without gadolinium contrast.
What is the classic triad of normal-pressure hydrocephalus?
Gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, urinary incontinence
What nerve root is associated with a diminished Achilles reflex?
S1
What nutritional deficiency after bariatric surgery can cause a myeloneuropathy resembling subacute combined degeneration?
Copper
What medication is first-line for trigeminal neuralgia?
Carbamazepine (or oxcarbazepine)
What antibody is most commonly associated with myasthenia gravis?
Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody
What vitamin deficiency can cause both pellagra and neuropsychiatric symptoms, including dementia?
Niacin (vitamin B3)
3 Ds: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis
What nerve injury causes weakness of thumb opposition and thenar atrophy?
Median nerve
Which anti-epileptic can cause elevated ammonia levels?
Valproic acid
Can also cause GI upset, liver toxicity, alopecia, dizziness, neural tube defects, pancreatitis, weight gain
Which class of medication is contradindicated in the setting of hemiplegic migraine, CAD, CVD?
Triptans
What is the maximum time window for mechanical thrombectomy in appropriately selected patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion?
Up to 24 hours from last known well
What is the most common cause of dementia associated with visual hallucinations, cognitive fluctuations, and late onset parkinsonism?
Within how many hours of symptom onset should corticosteroids be initiated in patients with Bell's palsy to improve the likelihood of complete facial nerve recovery?
72 hours
What is the most common initial motor manifestation of Parkinson disease, and needed to make the diagnosis?
Asymmetric bradykinesia, often with resting tremor
What medication is first-line for prevention of cluster headaches?
What is the usual blood pressure threshold for considering treatment in acute ischemic stroke patients not receiving reperfusion therapy?
Greater than 220/120 mmHg, absent other indications
What encephalitis is associated with ovarian teratomas and prominent psychiatric manifestations?
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
What neuropathy causes burning pain or numbness over the anterolateral thigh without weakness?
Meralgia paresthetica
Compressive neuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
What phenomenon describes transient worsening of multiple sclerosis symptoms with increased body temperature?
Uhthoff phenomenon
What medication is given after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage to improve neurologic outcomes and prevent vasospasm?
Nimodipine
What is the preferred initial treatment for Guillain–Barré syndrome in patients with significant weakness? What is the characteristic CSF finding?
IVIG or plasma exchange; corticosteroids are NOT effective
Albuminocytologic dissociation: elevated protein with normal cell count
What neurologic syndrome is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, and periodic sharp-wave complexes on EEG?
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
What malignancy is classically associated with Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome?
Small-cell lung carcinoma
What autoantibody is associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder?
Aquaporin-4 IgG