Seizure/Syncope
These seizures involve sudden loss of postural tone and may cause falls.
What is an atonic seizure?
This hereditary neuropathy often presents with distal leg weakness, pes cavus, and hammer toes in young adults.
What is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?
The diagnostic hallmark of MS is lesions disseminated in these two dimensions.
What are time and space?
The most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults.
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Optic neuritis is highly associated with this disease.
What is multiple sclerosis?
This benzodiazepine is used as first-line therapy for status epilepticus.
What is lorazepam?
Entrapment of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve causes numbness on the outer thigh in this condition.
What is meralgia paresthetica?
A scissor gait is most commonly associated with this type of cerebral palsy.
What is spastic diplegia?
A CSF WBC count >1000/microL with low glucose and high protein suggests this type of meningitis.
What is bacterial meningitis?
This complication of shingles affects CN VII and may cause hearing loss and vertigo.
What is Ramsay Hunt syndrome?
This diagnostic test is used to evaluate reflex syncope and POTS.
What is the tilt table test?
This cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) finding is characteristic of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
What is elevated protein with normal WBC count?
This type of therapy is used acutely during MS flares.
What are high-dose corticosteroids?
This reversible condition is caused by thiamine deficiency and classically presents with ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion.
What is Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
A petechial or purpuric rash in meningitis suggests this organism.
What is Neisseria meningitidis?
This type of seizure mimic can involve shaking and loss of consciousness, but is due to psychological causes.
What is a psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES)?
This chronic pain condition often affects one limb after injury, causing allodynia and skin color changes.
What is complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)?
This oral medication is used for symptomatic relief by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine.
What is pyridostigmine?
The hallmark clinical feature that distinguishes encephalitis from meningitis.
What is altered mental status?
The most common cause of status epilepticus in someone with epilepsy.
What is medication noncompliance?
This epilepsy syndrome begins in adolescence and is characterized by myoclonic jerks in the morning.
What is juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?
This palsy causes the eye to rest in a “down and out” position due to unopposed action of the lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles.
What is CN III palsy?
This form of ALS has a worse prognosis and often begins with speech or swallowing difficulty.
What is bulbar onset ALS?
This antiviral is empirically started when HSV encephalitis is suspected.
What is acyclovir?
This treatment is the most effective for improving motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease.
What is carbidopa-levodopa?