Anatomy/Diagnostic Studies
If you have the following: 1. Skin infection at the entry site 2. Presence of unequal pressures between the supratentorial and infratentorial compartments of the brain seen on (CT) such as: Midline shift or Posterior fossa mass, then you should not perform this procedure
What is a Lumbar Puncture
Your 10 year-old patient with chronic motor tic disorder develops symptoms of having to check his backpack multiple times before leaving his house in the morning and before leaving school in the afternoon "in case he forgot something." This symptom is suggestive of what co-morbid disorder?
What is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
This condition begins most commonly with acroparesthesia, followed days later by lower extremity weakness and often sinus tachycardia
What is Guillian Barre Syndrome
This form of altered mental status is charactized by acute or sub-acute onset of confusion, fluctuating level of arousal and agitation, inattention, and improves after elimination of the trigger.
What is Delirium
This stroke syndrome is characterized by hemiplegia involving the face and arm, hemisensory loss, and, if on the dominant side, language deficits. Severe cases can be fatal.
What is Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) syndrome
This condition is characterized by poor understanding of spoken language, inability to repeat words or sentences, and nonsensical speech patterns.
What is Wernicke's Aphasia
Lesions in this cerebellar structure are most associated with truncal ataxia
What is the cerebellar vermis
This nerve innervates the flexor pollicis longus and has no cutaneous sensory distribution
What is the anterior interosseous nerve
A child with this syndrome will present with abnormal movements, unusual eye movements, irritability and behavioral regression, and difficulty walking.
What is Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome
These segments of the spinal cord are vulnerable to ischemia due to their location in a vascular boundary zone
What is T1-T4
This test uses visual stimulation of a hemi-visual field with recording electrodes at and around the inion to measure the morphology, amplitude, and latency of the optic pathways, often called a P100
What are Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP)
A father is in the NICU with his newborn, who is very well-appearing but having intermittent focal seizures with a normal EEG background. He mentions that he could never participate in PE during school because he would "freeze up" anytime he tried to run. This is the gene responsible for this disorder
What is PRRT2-related disorders
All of the following diagnoses are hereditary myopathies with the exception of this one:
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Nemaline myopathy, Emery-Driefuss Muscular Dystrophy, Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy, Pompe Disease, Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
What is Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
You see a patient being managed for ovarian cancer who has developed unsteadiness and falls, reports symptoms of vertigo, and has notable dysarthria, dysmetria, and nystagmus on exam. She is likely suffering from this paraneoplastic syndrome.
What is Anti-Yo Cerebellar Degeneration
This is the most commmon location for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in adults
What is the putamen
Damage below this brainstem nucleus results in decerebrate posturing
What the red nucleus
A 7 year-old girl develops sudden onset of chorea, emotional lability, and hypotonia following a culture-positive strep throat infection. Her ASO titer is also elevated. These are the basal ganglia structures posited to be the target for these anti-streptococcal auto-antibodies causing her Sydenham's Chorea.
What are the striatum (caudate, putamen)
Commonly caused by a viral infection, this condition is a result of inflammation of the labyrinthine segment of the affected nerve, causing compression and injury or even ischemia as it passes through the fallopian canal within the temporal bone.
What is Bell's Palsy
A bilateral lesion in this brain structure can lead to a patient who is placid/unemotional, hyperoral and hyperphagic, and is unable to recognize previously familiar objects
What is the amygdala (Kluver-Bucy Syndrome)
A patient with this disorder of conciousness is able to follow simple one-direction commands ("look up"), gesture yes/no (not necessarily accurately), verbalize, show some purposeful behaviors but cannot perform any ADLs, communicate meaninfully, feed safely, or use objects correctly (ie hairbrush, pen)
What is a minimally concious state
A lesion in this region leads to alexia without agraphia
What is the left occipital cortex and splenium of the corpus callosum
Your patient with resting tremor, bradykinesia, and hypophonia develops increased movements 30 minutes after they take their medication. This adjustment may help with their symptoms.
What is lowering their dose of levodopa and increasing the dosing frequency to prevent peak dose dyskinesias
This enzyme deficiency manifests in males with acroparesthesias, angiokeratomas, hypohydrosis, cardiac and renal failure.
What is Fabry Disease (alpha-galactosidase A deficiency for the daily double!)
These are the core clinical features of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (name at least 3 of 5 for full credit!)
What are:
Dementia (memory impairment, attention, executive functioning), fluctuating cognition (variations in attention and alertness), well-formed visual hallucinations, REM sleep behavior disorder, parkinsonism (bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity)
This commonly used chemotherapy agent in pediatric patients is known to cause significant hypercoagulability, increasing the risk for CSVT
What is L-asparaginase