Neurological Bases of Motor Speech
When symptoms resolve completely after onset
Transient
The function of dendrites
receive information
If a person has weakness on their vocal folds what voice quality would they most likely have?
The speech subsystem that allows us to use stress and intonation
Prosody
If a person is congested what will their voice sound like referring to the resonance system
HYPOnasal
Development of symptoms are within days
Subacute
receives neural motor impulses that have been processed, smoothed, and coordinated by basal ganglia, cerebellum and thalamus.
Primary motor cortex
Alternative motion rates (AMR)
nonverbal oral apraxia may lead to a person developing
dysphagia! sequencing of oral movements that are nonverbal may occur which can hinder the stages of the swallow.
The components of speech subsystem
Respiration, articulation, phonation, prosody & resonance
This coordinates voluntary movements like having your articulators perfectly sequence tongue twisters
The cerebellum
This pathway is divided into the corticobulbar and the corticospinal tract which form part of the Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) system.
Direct Activation Pathway
list at least 2 perceptual characteristics for dysarthria
pitch characteristics, loudness, voice quality, respiration, prosody, articulation and overall impressions
if the velum is hanging too low, how will a person's resonance be affected?
They will be hypernasal because too much air is escaping into the nasal cavity
this system works at the unconscious level and carries impulses that control postural support needed by fine motor movements
Extrapyramidal system
2 descending motor tracts
Pyramidal System (direct) and Extrayramidal system (indirect)
articulation is impacted for a person with Apraxia, what may happen when producing phonemes?
Phonemes may be prolonged and/or repeated
If a person cannot produce a sharp cough, this cranial nerve is impacted
CN X Vagus Fabus!
without the influence of this, prosody would be monotone, mono pitch and monovolume.
Right Hemisphere
Unilateral weakness causes the tongue to deviate to
the side of the lesion when protruded.
Two important neurotransmitters in the motor system and label which one is excitatory and inhibitory
Dopamine (Inhibitory) & Acetylcholine (Excitatory)
Sensorimotor abnormalities in the dysarthrias include
weakness, spasticity and incoordination
these speech subsystems are NOT affected when a person has Apraxia of Speech
respiratory and phonatory
crossing over of nerve fibers from one side of the brain to the other is referred to as
the decussation of cranial nerves