Muscle Structure & Anatomy
This is the smallest functional contractile unit of muscle.
What is sarcomere
This principle states that motor units are recruited from smallest to largest.
What is Henneman's Size Principle
According to the sliding filament theory, muscles shorten because these structures slide past each other.
What is actin and myosin
Resistance training primarily increases muscle size through an increase in this.
This hormone is often associated with tissue growth and recovery.
What is growth hormone
This protein forms the thin filament in skeletal muscle.
What is actin
This principle states that once a motor unit fires, it fires completely
What is the All-or-None Principle
This ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate contraction.
This fiber type has the greatest potential for hypertrophy
What is Type II muscle fibers
This hormone is most directly linked to increases in muscle protein synthesis.
What is testosterone
This describes the angle at which muscle fibers attach to the tendon and determines functionality
What is pennation angle
This mechanism increases force by increasing the firing frequency of motor units.
What is rate coding
This protein binds to calcium, allowing cross-bridge formation.
What is Troponin
This adaptation improves force transfer from muscle to bone.
What is tendon stiffness
These hormones are released during high-intensity training and increase heart rate and energy availability.
What are catecholamines
Compared to parallel muscles, pennate muscles are better suited for producing this quality
This term describes improved movement efficiency through synergistic work by the muscles
What is intermuscular coordination
This describes a state where some relaxation occurs between muscle twitches.
What is unfused tetanus
The stretch-shortening cycle enhances performance by storing this type of energy.
What is elastic energy
Short rest periods and high volume training tend to increase the acute release of this hormone.
Increasing pennation angle is most closely associated with this type of training adaptation.
What is hypertrophy
This phenomenon occurs when motor units fire so rapidly that individual twitches blend together.
What is fused tetanus
This muscle action is able to produce the most amount of force
What is eccentric muscle action
Early strength gains (first 2–4 weeks) are primarily driven by this adaptation rather than hypertrophy.
Chronic resistance training improves muscle sensitivity to this hormone rather than drastically increasing resting levels.
What is testosterone