Neuron Anatomy & Glia
These incoming fibers transmit information toward the cell body.
What are dendrites?
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is approximately this value.
What is –70 mV?
Excitatory signals that make the cell less negative and closer to threshold are called this
What are EPSPs?
This neurotransmitter regulates voluntary movement at the neuromuscular junction.
What is acetylcholine (ACh)?
This autoimmune disorder of the CNS causes demyelination and plaque formation.
What is multiple sclerosis?
This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and organelles such as the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.
What is the soma (cell body)?
This ion is most concentrated inside the neuron at rest.
What is potassium (K+)?
Inhibitory signals that move the cell further from threshold are called this.
What are IPSPs?
This inhibitory neurotransmitter is widespread in the CNS and is associated with Huntington’s disease when deficient.
What is GABA?
This autoimmune disorder affects ACh receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
What is myasthenia gravis?
These CNS glial cells form myelin sheaths around axons.
What are oligodendrocytes?
This threshold voltage must be reached to trigger an action potential.
What is –55 mV?
This process determines whether EPSPs and IPSPs together reach threshold.
What is summation?
This neurotransmitter is involved in reward and motor control and is deficient in Parkinson’s disease.
What is dopamine?
This disorder results from degeneration of dopamine‑secreting cells in the substantia nigra.
What is Parkinson’s disease?
These PNS glial cells guide axonal regrowth and form myelin in the PNS.
What are Schwann cells?
This process describes the rapid influx of Na+ during an action potential.
What is depolarization?
This ion triggers neurotransmitter release when it enters the terminal bouton.
What is calcium (Ca²⁺)?
This major excitatory neurotransmitter is involved in learning and memory but can cause excitotoxicity after stroke.
What is glutamate?
This PNS demyelinating disorder causes progressive sensorimotor deficits and can be life‑threatening.
What is Guillain‑Barré syndrome?
These glial cells regulate substances crossing blood vessels and form scars around dead brain tissue.
What are astrocytes?
In myelinated axons, action potentials “jump” between these structures.
What are the Nodes of Ranvier?
Neurotransmitters bind to these structures on the postsynaptic neuron.
What are receptor proteins?
This neurotransmitter regulates mood and sleep and is targeted by SSRIs.
What is serotonin (5‑HT)?
This condition involves rapid, sustained firing of neurons and may be caused by excessive glutamate.
What is a seizure (epilepsy)?