Neurons Structure and Function
This part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
The resting potential of a neuron is approximately this many millivolts (mV).
What is –70 mV? (acceptable range -70 to -78 mVO
The arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal causes these ions to enter, triggering neurotransmitter release.
What are calcium ions (Ca²⁺)?
These channels open first during depolarization.
What are voltage-gated sodium channels?
type of membrane transport that does not require membrane proteins or energy
simple diffusion
The long fiber that transmits impulses away from the cell body.
What is the axon?
This membrane protein maintains resting potential by actively moving sodium and potassium ions.
What is the sodium–potassium pump?
This neurotransmitter is broken down by acetylcholinesterase at the synapse, and is important for neuromuscular motor function.
What is acetylcholine?
These channels open during repolarization.
What are voltage-gated potassium channels?
this form of membrane transport requires ATP
Active transport
This part of neuron consists of the cell's main body, has mitochondria, other important organelles, and the nucleus.
What is the Soma?
When sodium channels open, sodium rushes in, causing this stage of an action potential.
What is depolarization?
After release, neurotransmitters bind to these on the postsynaptic membrane.
What are receptors?
The direction action potentials move throughout the neuron.
What goes from the dendrites, through the soma, to the axons?
cholesterol
This insulating layer speeds up nerve impulse transmission.
What is the myelin sheath?
After depolarization, potassium channels open, leading to this stage.
What is repolarization?
The main method of how neurotransmitters are transported out of the axon terminal.
What is Exocytosis
The protein that restores ion balance after an action potential.
what is the sodium-potassium pump?
This part of the cell membrane is utilized in cell to cell recognition
Glycoproteins
This part of the neuron sends chemical signals across a synapse.
What is the synaptic terminal (axon terminal)?
This period prevents a neuron from firing another action potential immediately.
What is the refractory period?
what are the steps of neurotransmitter release into the synapse?
Summarize it 3 steps.
1. Action potential reaches the axon terminal
2. Calcium ions enter the axon terminal
3. Vesicles move to the axon membrane and release neurotransmitters via exocytosisSodium, potassium, and calcium ions moves through the neuron membrane by this method of membrane transport:
Facilitated diffusion
Compare and Contrast Passive and active transport
give 2 comparisons , 1 similarity
active uses energy, goes against concentration gradient.
Passive goes with concentration gradient, does not use energy.
both move molecules through the membrane