Brainstem
-Midbrain
-Pons
-Medulla oblongata
Tracts that travel through the brainstem:
-Spinocerebellar
-Lateral Spinothalamic
-Corticospinal
Cerebrum:
I & II
Red Nucleus Involved in:
Sensorimotor coordination of UE/LE
Superior Colliculi involved in:
Vision
Brainstem arises from
The middle & lower portions of the neural tube
Tracts that start or end in the Brainstem:
-Tectospinal
-Spinotectal
-Spinoreticular
-Reticulospinal
-Vestibulospinal
-Corticobulbar
-Rubrospinal
Midbrain:
III & IV
Periaqueductal Gray involved in:
-Fight or flight reactions
Inferior Colliculi involved in:
Hearing
5-stage brain development:
-Midbrain--> Mesencephalon
-Pons ---> Metencepahlon
-Medulla oblongata ---> Myelencephalon
Tracts that do both:
Dorsal Columns/Medial Lemniscus
Pons:
V, VI, VII, & VIII
Substantia Nigra is part of:
The basal ganglia
Brainstem contains:
-Ascending & descending tracts from/to the spinal cord
-Connections to the cerebellum
-Cranial nerve nuclei
-Reticular formation
Medulla:
IX, X, XI, & XII
Substantia nigra supplies:
Dopamine
Brainstem Functions:
-Motor and sensory for face, head, & neck
-Swallowing & vocal production
-Special sensory functions
-Vital functions
-Reticular activation of sleep-wakefulness & maintenance of alertness levels
Substantia nigra is involved in:
Motor planning