Habituation
This was a neuroscientist who became famous in the late 1800's for his work related to habituation.
Who is Sherrington?
This is what happens in the brain when motor tasks are repeated.
What is "the number of active regions in the brain are reduced (as less attention is required)"?
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) involves the conversion of this type of silent synapses to active synapses.
What are AMPA synapses?
Once an axon is isolated from the cell body it undergoes this process.
What is Wallerian degeneration?
Recovery of neuronal function after brain injury is influenced by these two elements.
What are intensity and timing of rehabilitation?
Habituation of the withdrawal reflex has been found to be due to a decrease in synaptic activity between these three types of neurons.
What are sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons?
When only small, distinct regions of the brain show increased activity when performing a motor task, this is optimized.
What is motor control?
This is what silent synapses lack.
What are functional glutamate AMPA receptors?
During Wallerian degeneration glial do this.
What is "clean up debris from degenerated segment"?
Prolonged lack of active movement following cortical injury leads to this.
What is "loss of function in adjacent undamaged regions of brain"?
Long term habituation is the result of this phenomenon.
What are "changes in the activity of post-synaptic receptors and protein synthesis"?
This process is necessary for learning and memory.
What is activity dependent plasticity or use dependent plasticity?
Changes in this are likely to be signals leading to altered gene regulation during the learning process.
What is Ca++?
These are the two types of axonal sprouting.
What are collateral sprouting and regenerative sprouting?
Retraining movements may prevent this.
What is "subsequent damage in adjacent cortical areas"?
What neurotransmitter is in part responsible for habituation occurring.
What is glutamate?
Learning and memory requires these three events to occur.
What is "synthesis of new proteins, growth of new synapses, and modification of existing synapses"?
Long term depression (LTD) involves the conversion these.
What are active synapses?
These are the cellular events that follow a spinal cord injury.
What are "increased permeability of axons, dysregulation of Na+ CA++ channels, disruption of axonal transport and axons swell until they break, and proximal axon retraction and distal axon Wallerian degeneration"?
This is preferred over compensation.
What is restoration?
This is how habituation is thought to support other types of learning.
What is "tuning out what is unimportant so one can focus on what is important"?
The best known types of plasticity in learning and memory formation occur through these two mechanisms.
What are long-term potentiation (LTP) & long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory glutamatergic synapses?
This is where LTP and LTD occur.
What are the "motor, somatosensory, visual and auditory cortices, and cerebellum"?
This is the part of the nervous system where functional axon regeneration does not occur.
What is the CNS?
This is what can happen if constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) is started too soon after injury.
What is "can increase lesion size and cause further motor damage"?