Sleep & Dreams
What % of sleep is spent in REM?
20%
The brain can be divided into the _____, the _____ and the _____.
Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
What is the role of the Nervous system?
To send and receive messages.
Name and describe the two main types of amnesia.
Retrograde amnesia - Retrieval failure; pre-existing memories are lost.
Anterograde amnesia - Storage failure; ability to form new long-term memories is lost.
The full form of the APS is ______ and it came up with the constantly evolving ______ in 2007.
Australian Psychological Society; Code of Ethics
What is the full form of EEG?
Electroencephalogram
What are the left and right hemispheres of the brain connected by?
The corpus callosum
What is the neuronal membrane?
A semi-permeable membrane that keeps the cytoplasm in the cell.
What three parts of the brain are important for explicit memory?
The amygdala, hippocampus and neocortex
What case study is an example of classical conditioning?
Little Albert
Overall, what happens to the body when in deep sleep?
Blood pressure drops, body temp decreases, growth acceleration. Certain chemicals/hormones experience a drop in levels. Eg: Cortisol
List the parts and functions of the brain stem?
The medulla, pons and spinal cord; heart rate and breathing.
What division of the PNS controls the fight-or-flight response?
The Sympathetic Nervous System
_____, _____ and _____ are the 3 main strategies to retain information.
Repetition, imagery and patterns
List the 6 main principles when considering participants' rights.
1. Confidentiality
2. Voluntary participation
3. Withdrawal rights
4. Informed Consent
5. Deception
6. Debriefing
What are the defining features of stage 2 sleep?
Body temp decreases. K-complexes & sleep spindles. Breathing and heart rate slows. Brain produces theta waves.
Differentiate between the hypothalamus and the thalamus in their functions.
Thalamus - Acts as a relay centre for signals travelling from the spinal cord and brainstem to the cerebral cortex.
Hypothalamus - Controls: Hunger, homeostasis, thirst, circadian rhythms
List the 4 types of neurons, as classified by structure.
Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar and anaxonic.
What is the misinformation effect?
The tendency for post-event information to interfere with the memory of the original event.
What theory did Genie's progress in language seem to prove wrong?
That the critical period for learning language ends after puberty, after which it is not possible to learn a language.
Describe the waves of the EEG when you are drowsy or asleep.
Low frequency, high amplitude.
What structure of the brain assists in the regulation of autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate and reflex actions (swallowing and sneezing)?
The medulla oblongata
What division of the Nervous System controls voluntary movements.
List the two causes of amnesia.
1. Organic/neurological causes (damage from physical injury, neurological disease, certain drugs)
2. Functional/psychogenic causes (psychological factors: mental disorders, post-traumatic stress, etc)
In the case study of Genie the wild child, what abnormality found on her EEG led doctors to believe that she was mentally challenged?
The abundance and frequency of sleep spindles.