Hormones & Brain Development
These types of hormones help to restore and maintain the body's internal balance.
What are homeostatic hormones?
With Optogenetics, this color of light that stimulates the brain, brings about an Action Potential by causing sodium (Na+) ions to enter the cell.
What is blue?
The auditory cortex is found in this lobe of the cerebral cortex.
What is the temporal lobe?
Spinal nerves on the back of the spinal cord are considered to be __________, ___________, and ___________.
What are dorsal, afferent (ascending), and sensory?
G-Proteins on these types of receptors are released into the inside of the cell, activate "second-messengers," which in turn trigger a "cascade" of reactions in the cell.
What are metabotropic receptors?
These hormones help to mediate and process the stress response.
What are Glucocorticoid hormones?
This color of light, also in Optogenetics, has an inhibitory effect and causes related behaviors to cease, allowing chloride (Cl-) ions into the cell.
What is yellow?
The sodium-potassium pump helps to maintain the proper charge inside of the neuron when it is at rest, by removing 3 ____________ ions and bringing in 2 _______________ ions.
What are Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+)?
Spinal nerves on the front of the spinal cord are considered to be ____________, ___________, and __________.
What are ventral, efferent (descending), and motor?
This fissure separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.
What is the lateral fissure (sometimes called the Sylvian fissure)?
Cell birth in the brain refers to the "genesis" of these 2 types of cells.
What are Neurons (neurogenesis) and Glial cells (gliogenesis)?
This area, responsible for the production of speech (utilizing the muscles/motor skills involved in speech). It is located in this part of the brain.
What is Broca's Area? - and - What is the left frontal lobe?
Diffusion, reuptake, enzyme breakdown, and glial absorption.
What are the 4 main ways neurotransmitters are inactivated after binding to the receptors on the post-synaptic membrane?
A rapid method of absorption of certain medications by placing them under the tongue, is known as ____________. The absorption rate is due to the sensitivity of the membranes there.
What is sublingual?
As the brain develops, this becomes the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.
What is the neural tube?
Once the new cells migrate to their DNA-determined locations, they begin to _____________, becoming the types of cells they are meant to be.
Who is differentiate?
This area of the brain is responsible for helping us understand and interpret speech. It is located in this part of the brain.
What is Wernicke's Area? - and - What is the left temporal lobe?
The hormone cortisol, which helps to manage the stress response, is found to a large extent in this area of the brain.
What is the hippocampus?
In research, these lesions given to laboratory animals destroy surrounding nerve fibers.
What are electrical lesions?
This cranial nerve is often described as the largest nerve in the body, and innervates the heart and other internal organs.
What is the Vagus nerve?
These refer to the removal of unwanted/unneeded synapses and unwanted/unneeded neurons.
What are synaptic pruning and apoptosis?
This is manufactured and stored in the ventricles and acts as a protection of the brain and spinal cord, and also provides buoyancy, nutrition, and waste removal.
What Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)?
This takes place when repeated exposure/use of a drug diminishes the effect of the drug and downregulates the receptors on the receiving cell.
What is tolerance?
This references the concept that a neuron will either fire or not fire, depending upon the strength of the neural message to reach the Threshold Potential.
What is the "All or None Law?"
This Plane of Section results from a cut through the Longitudinal Fissure, from the top to the bottom of the brain.
What is Sagittal?