Diseases
What is the name for a common sleep disorder that leads to trouble falling asleep and/or irregular sleep patterns?
insomnia
What is the largest bundle of nerve fibers forming a bridge between brain hemispheres called?
Corpus callosum
What do nociceptors respond to?
Pain
What is the ability of the brain to modify itself and adapt to environmental challenges called?
Plasticity
Structure within the brain that integrates memory and emotion
Amygdala
What is the age-related disease that causes declines in cognitive ability and memory?
dementia
What is the group of structures deep within the brain that helps regulate emotion and motivation?
Limbic system
What are olfactory cells?
Cells that respond to odor and detect smell
What is the process by which new neurons move to their long-term locations called?
Migration
___ function is considered a blend of three core skills: inhibition, working memory, and shifting. This takes place in the prefrontal cortex.
Executive Function
What is the term for “face blindness”, caused by damage to the fusiform face area?
Prosopagnosia
What is the part of the brain that indirectly stimulates your muscle fibers and is responsible for voluntary movement?
Motor cortex
What is the difference between rods and cones in vision?
Rods allow you to see in dim light and cones help you see colors
What are the three layers of brain tissue during embryonic development called?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
In this natural process between childhood and adulthood, the brain eliminates extra synapses
Synaptic Pruning
What is the disease where patients ignore the left side of their visual field, caused by stroke to the right hemisphere?
Hemineglect syndrome
What is the neurotransmitter responsible for movement, learning, emotion, addiction, and your reward pathway?
Dopamine
What is another term for “crossed eyes”?
Strabismus
Solving problems and identifying patterns is considered which kind of intelligence?
Fluid intelligence
Name the disease! Characterized by degeneration of the substantia nigra. Symptoms include tremors, slow movement, and loss of balance
Parkinson’s disease
What is the disease that causes loss of muscle tone while awake and is triggered by emotional experiences?
Cataplexy
Damage to which area of the brain causes language comprehension to be impaired?
Wernicke’s area or left auditory cortex
Which types of cells does the retina contain? (Name at least 3)
Rods, cones, ganglion cells, interneurons
What is the phenomenon by which gaps in the myelin sheath allow signals to “jump” along an axon?
Saltatory conduction
A sleep disorder resulting from the loss of orexin neurons in the hypothalamus that causes pronounced sleepiness during the day.
Narcolepsy